02435nas a2200217   4500008004100000020001400041245011200055210006900167260000800236300001200244490000800256520166300264653002801927653002801955653001301983100002401996700002702020700001802047700002302065856012902088       2009                        eng d  a0013-870300aSurvey and phylogenetic analysis of culturable microbes in the oral secretions of three bark beetle species0 aSurvey and phylogenetic analysis of culturable microbes in the o  cMay  a138-1470 v1313 aIn a recent study, we reported a previously undescribed behavior in which a bark beetle exuded oral secretions containing bacteria that have antifungal properties, and hence defend their galleries against pervasive antagonistic Hyphomycete fungi. Actinobacteria, a group known for their antibiotic properties, were the most effective against fungi that invade the spruce beetle galleries. In the present study, we describe the isolation and identification of microorganisms from oral secretions of three bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae): the spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby, the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, and the pine engraver, Ips pini Say. Bacteria isolated from these three species span the major bacterial classes [alpha]-, [beta]-, and [gamma]-Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria, except for D. ponderosae, which yielded no [alpha]-proteobacteria or Bacteroidetes isolates. Spruce beetles and pine engraver beetles had similar numbers of [alpha]-proteobacteria isolates, but pine engravers yielded twice as many Bacteroidetes isolates as spruce beetles. In contrast, mountain pine beetles yielded more isolates in the [beta]- and [gamma]-proteobacteria than spruce beetles and pine engravers. The highest percentage of Actinobacteria was obtained from spruce beetles, followed by pine engravers and mountain pine beetles. All of the fungal isolates obtained from the three beetle species were Ascomycetes. The greatest fungal diversity was obtained in spruce beetles, which had nine species, followed by pine engravers with five, and mountain pine beetles with one.10aDendroctonus ponderosae10aDendroctonus rufipennis10aIps pini1 aCardoza, Yasmin, J.1 aVasanthakumar, Archana1 aSuazo, Alonso1 aRaffa, Kenneth, F.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/survey-and-phylogenetic-analysis-culturable-microbes-oral-secretions-three-bark-beetle-species02987nas a2200193   4500008004100000020001400041245015600055210006900211260001600280300001200296490000800308520224400316653001302560100002102573700001902594700002302613700002302636856013402659       2009                        eng d  a0008-347X00aAssemblage of Hymenoptera arriving at logs colonized by Ips pini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and its microbial symbionts in western Montana0 aAssemblage of Hymenoptera arriving at logs colonized by Ips pini  cMarch-April  a172-1990 v1413 aColonization of a tree by bark beetles and their symbionts creates a new habitat for a diverse assemblage of arthropods, including competing herbivores, xylophages, fungivores, saprophages, predators, and parasitoids. Understanding these assemblages is important for evaluating, nontarget effects of various management tactics and for subsequently evaluating how changes in climate, the presence of invasive species. and altered forestry practices and land-use tenure may affect biodiversity. We characterized the assemblage of hymenopterans attracted to logs of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa C. Lawson (Pinaceae)) colonized by the bark beetle Ips pini (Say) and its microbial symbionts. In one experiment, the composition and relative abundances, of species arriving at hosts colonized by I. pini, and possible sources of attraction, were determined. Treatments consisted of a loo containing I. pini with its natural complement of microorganisms, a log alone, and a blank control. A second experiment was carried out to determine whether or not Hymenoptera were attracted to microbial symbionts of I. pini. Treatments consisted of a blank control, a to, alone, a lop containing L pini with its natural complement of microrganisms, either Ophiostoma ips, Burk-holderia sp., or Pichia scolyti. and a log inoculated with a combination of these three microorganisms. Over 2 years, 5163 Hymenoptera were captured, of which over 98% were parasitoids. Braconidae, Platygastridae, Encyrtidae. Pteromalidae, and Ichneumonidae were the most abundant. Seven known species of bark beetle parasitoids (all Pteromalidae) were captured. However. parasitoids of Diptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera. and non-wood-boring Coleoptera were also common. Nineteen species showed preferential attraction to host plants infested with I. pini and its complement of microorganisms, host plants inoculated with I. pini microbial symbionts, or host plants alone. Interestingly, many of these species were parasitoids of phytophagous, fungivorous, and saprophytic insects rather than of bark beetles themselves. These results Suggest that a diverse assemblage of natural enemies that attack various feeding guilds within a common habitat exploit common olfactory cues.10aIps pini1 aBoone, Celia, K.1 aSix, Diana, L.1 aKrauth, Steven, J.1 aRaffa, Kenneth, F.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/assemblage-hymenoptera-arriving-logs-colonized-ips-pini-coleoptera-curculionidae-scolytinae-and-its