04565nas a2200841   4500008004100000020001400041245010700055210006900162260000900231300001200240490000700252520208800259653001002347653001702357653001502374653002302389653002402412653002302436653002202459653002402481653002502505653002202530653002202552653002002574653001702594653001202611653001502623653001502638653002002653653001902673653001802692653001802710653001502728653001902743653001502762653002802777653002202805653002702827653002902854653002602883653001702909653002502926653002602951653002502977653002903002653003003031653001503061653001303076653001803089653002603107653002703133653003003160653002903190653002703219653002903246653003003275653002803305653003003333653002903363653001603392653001503408653001403423653001103437653001503448653001603463653001403479653001603493100001603509700002403525700002203549700002503571856012703596       2007                        eng d  a0307-697000aCladistic review of generic taxonomic characters in Xyleborina (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)0 aCladistic review of generic taxonomic characters in Xyleborina C  cJuly  a568-5840 v323 aA cladistic analysis of morphological characters of the subtribe Xyleborina (Curculionidae, Scolytinae) is presented. An examination of individual characters revealed little phylogenetic information in many characters currently used for delimiting genera. Phylogenetically stable characters were used for the evaluation of the contemporary generic concept. The following genera have been recovered as monophyletic: Cnestus, Dryocoetoides, Eccoptopterus, Xylosandrus, Schedlia, Sampsonius and Taurodemus. The following genera have been found to be polyphyletic: Amasa, Ambrosiodmus, Arixyleborus, Coptoborus, Coptodryas, Cryptoxyleborus, Cyclorhipidion, Euwallacea, Leptoxyleborus, Taphrodasus, Theoborus, Webbia, Xyleborinus and Xyleborus. The analysis permitted the resurrection of four genera: Anisandrus, Microperus, Pseudowebbia and Streptocranus. A number of new combinations at specific level are given: Anisandrus cornutus (Schaufuss, 1891), A. dispar (Fabricius, 1792), A. eggersi (Beeson, 1930), A. improbus (Sampson, 1913), A. longidens (Eggers, 1930), A. maiche Stark, 1936, A. obesus (LeConte, 1868), A. sayi Hopkins, 1915, A. apicalis (Blandford, 1894), A. hirtus (Hagedorn, 1904), Microperus myristicae (Schedl, 1939), M. eucalypticus (Schedl, 1938), M. huangi (Browne, 1983), M. intermedius (Eggers, 1923), M. kadoyamaensis (Murayama, 1934), Pseudowebbia armifer (Schedl, 1942), P. seriata Browne, 1963, P. squamatilis (Schedl, 1955), P. trepanicauda (Eggers, 1923), P. curvatus (Browne, 1986), Streptocranus bicolor Browne, 1949, S. bicuspis (Eggers, 1940), S. capucinulus (Schedl, 1942), S. forficatus (Schedl, 1957), S. fragilis Browne, 1949, S. longicauda Browne, 1960, S. longispinis Browne, 1986, S. mirabilis Schedl, 1939, S. usagaricus (Eggers, 1922), S. sexdentatus (Eggers, 1940). The characters most useful for generic-level taxonomy of Xyleborina were identified and their states refined and illustrated. An accompanying illustrated multiple-entry electronic key for the updated xyleborine classification has been published on-line at www.scolytid.msu.edu.10aAmasa10aAmbrosiodmus10aAnisandrus10aAnisandrus  dispar10aAnisandrus apicalis10aAnisandrus eggersi10aAnisandrus hirtus10aAnisandrus improbus10aAnisandrus longidens10aAnisandrus maiche10aAnisandrus obesus10aAnisandrus sayi10aArixyleborus10aCnestus10aCoptoborus10aCoptodryas10aCryptoxyleborus10aCyclorhipidion10aDryocoetoides10aEccoptopterus10aEuwallacea10aLeptoxyleborus10aMicroperus10aMicroperus eucalypticus10aMicroperus huangi10aMicroperus intermedius10aMicroperus kadoyamaensis10aMicroperus myristicae10aPseudowebbia10aPseudowebbia armifer10aPseudowebbia curvatus10aPseudowebbia seriata10aPseudowebbia squamatilis10aPseudowebbia trepanicauda10aSampsonius10aSchedlia10aStreptocranus10aStreptocranus bicolor10aStreptocranus bicuspis10aStreptocranus capucinulus10aStreptocranus forficatus10aStreptocranus fragilis10aStreptocranus longicauda10aStreptocranus longispinis10aStreptocranus mirabilis10aStreptocranus sexdentatus10aStreptocranus usagaricus10aTaphrodasus10aTaurodemus10aTheoborus10aWebbia10aXyleborina10aXyleborinus10aXyleborus10aXylosandrus1 aHulcr, Jiri1 aDole, Stephanie, A.1 aBeaver, Roger, A.1 aCognato, Anthony, I.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/cladistic-review-generic-taxonomic-characters-xyleborina-coleoptera-curculionidae-scolytinae02899nas a2200145   4500008004100000245012100041210006900162300001200231490000700243520236000250100003102610700003502641700001702676856006002693       2007                        eng d00aSystematics of Sitonini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae), with a hypothesis on the evolution of feeding habits0 aSystematics of Sitonini Coleoptera Curculionidae Entiminae with   a312-3310 v323 aA new classification of Sitonini Gistel into ten genera is proposed, derived from a phylogenetic analysis based on morphology. Two subgenera of Sitona, Charagmus and Coelositona, are promoted to genus level. Sitona is restricted to the former nominotypical subgenus and redefined using apomorphies, and several species previously included in it are transferred to the genus Coelositona Gonza´ lez. The species composition of the genus Charagmus Scho¨ nherr is unchanged. Andrion gen.n. is described (type species: Curculio regensteinensis Herbst, 1794). Catachaenus Scho¨ nherr, 1840 is synonymized with Eugnathus Scho¨ nherr, 1834 (syn.n.). Homalorhinus lutosus Hochhuth, 1847 is removed from Sitonini. The relationships represented by the new classification correspond with the evolution of Fabaceae (Leguminosae), mostly with the group of ‘temperate herbaceous tribes’ or Hologalegina. This group is divided into the sister clades, Loteae s.l. and IRLC (inverted repeat-lacking clade) – a clade well defined by the loss of a structural mutation in the genome of the chloroplast. Andrion does not feed on Hologalegina. Charagmus and Coelositona feed on species of Loteae s.l., whereas members of the genus Sitona feed on species in IRLC. This ability to feed on IRLC plants seems to have been a key trait that enabled the radiation of Sitona into more than 100 species. A key to the genera of Sitonini and illustrations of important morphological features are provided. A new structure is described from the internal sac, the ‘hamuli’. The variability of hamuli between the species of Sitonini is an important new tool in the taxonomy of this tribe. New combinations: Eugnathus circulus (Eydoux & Souleyet, 1839), E. mangarinicus (Voss, 1925), E. scintillans (Pascoe, 1874), E. sulcifrons (Heller, 1934), Charagmus gressorius (Fabricius, 1792), Ch. intermedius Ku¨ ster, 1847, Ch. griseus (Fabricius, 1775), Ch. cachectus Gyllenhal, 1834, Ch. stierlini Reitter, 1903, Ch. variegatus (Fa˚ hraeus, 1840), Coelositona ribesi (Gonza´ lez, 1971), C. cambricus (Stephens, 1831), C. cinerascens (Fa˚ hraeus, 1840), C. limosus (Rossi, 1792), C. ocellatus (Ku¨ster, 1849), C. latipennis (Gyllenhal, 1834), C. puberulus (Reitter, 1903), C. villosus (Allard, 1869), Andrion regensteinense (Herbst, 1794) and Anemeroides lutosus (Hochhuth, 1847).1 ade Castro, A.J., Velasquez1 aAlonso-Zarazaga, Miguel, Angel1 aOuterelo, R.  uhttp://darwin.bio.ucm.es/usuarios/bba/cont/docs/103.pdf02899nas a2200145   4500008004100000245012100041210006900162300001200231490000700243520236000250100003102610700003502641700001702676856006002693       2007                        eng d00aSystematics of Sitonini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae), with a hypothesis on the evolution of feeding habits0 aSystematics of Sitonini Coleoptera Curculionidae Entiminae with   a312-3310 v323 aA new classification of Sitonini Gistel into ten genera is proposed, derived from a phylogenetic analysis based on morphology. Two subgenera of Sitona, Charagmus and Coelositona, are promoted to genus level. Sitona is restricted to the former nominotypical subgenus and redefined using apomorphies, and several species previously included in it are transferred to the genus Coelositona Gonza´ lez. The species composition of the genus Charagmus Scho¨ nherr is unchanged. Andrion gen.n. is described (type species: Curculio regensteinensis Herbst, 1794). Catachaenus Scho¨ nherr, 1840 is synonymized with Eugnathus Scho¨ nherr, 1834 (syn.n.). Homalorhinus lutosus Hochhuth, 1847 is removed from Sitonini. The relationships represented by the new classification correspond with the evolution of Fabaceae (Leguminosae), mostly with the group of ‘temperate herbaceous tribes’ or Hologalegina. This group is divided into the sister clades, Loteae s.l. and IRLC (inverted repeat-lacking clade) – a clade well defined by the loss of a structural mutation in the genome of the chloroplast. Andrion does not feed on Hologalegina. Charagmus and Coelositona feed on species of Loteae s.l., whereas members of the genus Sitona feed on species in IRLC. This ability to feed on IRLC plants seems to have been a key trait that enabled the radiation of Sitona into more than 100 species. A key to the genera of Sitonini and illustrations of important morphological features are provided. A new structure is described from the internal sac, the ‘hamuli’. The variability of hamuli between the species of Sitonini is an important new tool in the taxonomy of this tribe. New combinations: Eugnathus circulus (Eydoux & Souleyet, 1839), E. mangarinicus (Voss, 1925), E. scintillans (Pascoe, 1874), E. sulcifrons (Heller, 1934), Charagmus gressorius (Fabricius, 1792), Ch. intermedius Ku¨ ster, 1847, Ch. griseus (Fabricius, 1775), Ch. cachectus Gyllenhal, 1834, Ch. stierlini Reitter, 1903, Ch. variegatus (Fa˚ hraeus, 1840), Coelositona ribesi (Gonza´ lez, 1971), C. cambricus (Stephens, 1831), C. cinerascens (Fa˚ hraeus, 1840), C. limosus (Rossi, 1792), C. ocellatus (Ku¨ster, 1849), C. latipennis (Gyllenhal, 1834), C. puberulus (Reitter, 1903), C. villosus (Allard, 1869), Andrion regensteinense (Herbst, 1794) and Anemeroides lutosus (Hochhuth, 1847).1 ade Castro, A.J., Velasquez1 aAlonso-Zarazaga, Miguel, Angel1 aOuterelo, R.  uhttp://darwin.bio.ucm.es/usuarios/bba/cont/docs/103.pdf