02778nas a2200217   4500008004100000020001400041245013000055210006900185260000800254300001400262490000700276520198700283653001502270100002002285700002202305700002502327700003102352700002102383700002102404856013502425       2011                        eng d  a1387-354700aExploring associations between international trade and environmental factors with establishment patterns of exotic Scolytinae0 aExploring associations between international trade and environme  cOct  a2275-22880 v133 aAlthough invasion of exotic ambrosia beetles (fungus feeders) and bark beetles (phloem feeders) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is considered a major threat to forest health worldwide, no studies have quantitatively investigated the anthropogenic and environmental factors shaping the biogeographical patterns of invasion by these insects across large spatial scales. The primary aim of this study was to assess the relative importance of international trade and several environmental variables of the recipient region on species richness of established exotic Scolytinae. As a reference, we also evaluated the relationships between the same environmental variables and species richness of native Scolytinae. Using an information-theoretic framework for model selection and hierarchical partitioning, we evaluated the relative importance of the potential drivers of species richness of native and exotic Scolytinae in 20 European countries and the 48 contiguous continental US states. Analyses were conducted separately for ambrosia and bark beetle species. Value of imports was a strong predictor of the number of exotic Scolytinae species in both regions. In addition, in the USA, warmer and wetter climate was positively linked to increased numbers of both native and exotic ambrosia beetles. Forest heterogeneity and climatic heterogeneity and secondarily forest area were key drivers in explaining patterns of species richness for native bark beetles but not for exotic species in both regions. Our findings suggest that if current infestation levels continue on imported plants and wood packaging material, increasing international trade will likely lead to more establishments of exotic Scolytinae with concomitant negative effects on forest health in both Europe and the USA. Compared to Europe the risk of invasion appears higher in the USA, especially for ambrosia beetles in the southeastern USA where the climate appears highly suitable for exotic establishment.10aScolytinae1 aMarini, Lorenzo1 aHaack, Robert, A.1 aRabaglia, Robert, J.1 aToffolo, Edoardo, Petrucco1 aBattisti, Andrea1 aFaccoli, Massimo  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/exploring-associations-between-international-trade-and-environmental-factors-establishment-pattern-002777nas a2200217   4500008004100000020001400041245013000055210006900185260000800254300001400262490000700276520198700283653001502270100002002285700002202305700002502327700003102352700002102383700002102404856013402425       2011                        eng d  a1387-354700aExploring associations between international trade and environmental factors with establishment patterns of exotic Scolytinae0 aExploring associations between international trade and environme  cOct  a2275-22880 v133 aAlthough invasion of exotic ambrosia beetles (fungus feeders) and bark beetles (phloem feeders) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is considered a major threat to forest health worldwide, no studies have quantitatively investigated the anthropogenic and environmental factors shaping the biogeographical patterns of invasion by these insects across large spatial scales. The primary aim of this study was to assess the relative importance of international trade and several environmental variables of the recipient region on species richness of established exotic Scolytinae. As a reference, we also evaluated the relationships between the same environmental variables and species richness of native Scolytinae. Using an information-theoretic framework for model selection and hierarchical partitioning, we evaluated the relative importance of the potential drivers of species richness of native and exotic Scolytinae in 20 European countries and the 48 contiguous continental US states. Analyses were conducted separately for ambrosia and bark beetle species. Value of imports was a strong predictor of the number of exotic Scolytinae species in both regions. In addition, in the USA, warmer and wetter climate was positively linked to increased numbers of both native and exotic ambrosia beetles. Forest heterogeneity and climatic heterogeneity and secondarily forest area were key drivers in explaining patterns of species richness for native bark beetles but not for exotic species in both regions. Our findings suggest that if current infestation levels continue on imported plants and wood packaging material, increasing international trade will likely lead to more establishments of exotic Scolytinae with concomitant negative effects on forest health in both Europe and the USA. Compared to Europe the risk of invasion appears higher in the USA, especially for ambrosia beetles in the southeastern USA where the climate appears highly suitable for exotic establishment.10aScolytinae1 aMarini, Lorenzo1 aHaack, Robert, A.1 aRabaglia, Robert, J.1 aToffolo, Edoardo, Petrucco1 aBattisti, Andrea1 aFaccoli, Massimo  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/exploring-associations-between-international-trade-and-environmental-factors-establishment-patterns02371nas a2200169   4500008004100000245009400041210006900135260000900204300001200213490000700225520181800232653001702050653001502067100002902082700002102111856006902132       2010                        eng d00aBark beetles and pinhole borers (Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Platypodinae) alien to Europe0 aBark beetles and pinhole borers Curculionidae Scolytinae Platypo  c2010  a227-2510 v563 aInvasive bark beetles are posing a major threat to forest resources around the world. DAISIE's web-based and printed databases of invasive species in Europe provide an incomplete and misleading picture of the alien scolytines and platypodines. We present a review of the alien bark beetle fauna of Europe based on primary literature through 2009. We find that there are 18 Scolytinae and one Platypodinae species apparently established in Europe, from 14 different genera. Seventeen species are naturalized. We argue that Trypodendron laeve, commonly considered alien in Europe, is a native species; conversely, we hypothesize that Xyleborus pfeilii, which has always been treated as indigenous, is an alien species from Asia. We also point out the possibility that the Asian larch bark beetle Ips subelongatus is established in European Russia. We show that there has been a marked acceleration in the rate of new introductions to Europe, as is also happening in North America: seven alien species were first recorded in the last decade. We present information on the biology, origins, and distributions of the alien species. All but four are polyphagous, and 11 are inbreeders: two traits which increase invasiveness. Eleven species are native to Asia, six to the Americas, and one is from the Canary Islands. Th e Mediterranean is especially favorable for invasives, hosting a large proportion of the aliens (9/19). Italy, France and Spain have the largest numbers of alien species (14, 10 and 7, respectively). We point out that the low numbers for at least some countries is likely due to under-reporting. Finally, we discuss the difficulties associated with identifying newly invasive species. Lack of good illustrations and keys hinder identification, particularly for species coming from Asia and Oceania.10aPlatypodinae10aScolytinae1 aKirkendall, Lawrence, R.1 aFaccoli, Massimo  uhttp://pensoftonline.net/zookeys/index.php/journal/issue/view/58