02101nas a2200169   4500008004100000020001400041245012000055210006900175260000900244300001000253490000700263520146800270653001401738100002401752700002001776856013501796       2012                        eng d  a1445-522600aPhylogenetic assessment of the Caribbean weevil genus Lachnopus Schoenherr (Coleoptera : Curculionidae : Entiminae)0 aPhylogenetic assessment of the Caribbean weevil genus Lachnopus   c2012  a67-820 v263 aThe genus Lachnopus Schoenherr (Coleoptera : Curculionidae : Entiminae : Geonemini Gistel), with 66 species described to date, is the largest and most widespread entimine weevil genus in the Caribbean region. The monophyly and internal phylogenetic composition of Lachnopus are tested, using a cladistic analysis of 61 adult morphological characters of 31 ingroup species and five outgroup taxa representing the genera Diaprepes Schoenherr, Exophthalmus Schoenherr, Pachnaeus Schoenherr (all Eustylini), Ischionoplus Chevrolat (Geonemini) and Apodrosus Marshall (Polydrusini). The analysis produced two most parsimonious cladograms with a length of 167 steps, a consistency index of 36 and a retention index of 73. According to the strict consensus and preferred character state optimisations, the examined species of Lachnopus do not form a monophyletic entity, even though most species are placed in a major L. coffeae-L. guerinii ingroup clade, which stands in sister relationship to Ischionoplus. This major clade is constituted by at least three well-recognisable subgroups, each associated with a particular geographic range in the Caribbean region: (1) a widely distributed L. coffeae-L. lineicollis 'grade'; (2) the Hispaniolan L. proteus-L. mercator clade; (3) and the L. hispidus-L. guerinii clade with species from Cuba, Florida and Jamaica. This study provides a sound phylogenetic basis for future revisions of Lachnopus and related geonemine genera.10aLachnopus1 aGiron, Jennifer, C.1 aFranz, Nico, M.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/phylogenetic-assessment-caribbean-weevil-genus-lachnopus-schoenherr-coleoptera-curculionidae-entimin03197nas a2200169   4500008004100000020001400041245012900055210006900184260000900253300001200262490000700274520255300281653001402834100002402848700002002872856013502892       2010                        eng d  a1399-560X00aRevision, phylogeny and historical biogeography of the genus Apodrosus Marshall, 1922 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae)0 aRevision phylogeny and historical biogeography of the genus Apod  c2010  a339-4140 v413 aThe Caribbean weevil genus Apodrosus Marshall, 1922 is revised, including a redescription of A. argentatus Wolcott, 1924 and A. wolcotti Marshall, 1922 and description of 11 new species: A. adustus, sp.n. (Bahamas), A. andersoni, sp.n. (Dominican Republic), A. anus, sp.n. (Dominican Republic), A. earinusparsus, sp.n. (Dominican Republic), A. empherefasciatus, sp.n. (Bahamas), A. epipolevatus, sp.n. (Puerto Rico), A. eximius, sp.n. (Dominican Republic), A. mammuthus, sp.n. (Mona Island, Turks and Caicos Islands), A. quisqueyanus, sp.n. (Dominican Republic), A. stenoculus, sp.n. (Dominican Republic) and A. viridium, sp.n. (Dominican Republic). A key to the species and illustrations of external and internal structures are provided. Apodrosus is characterized as a monophyletic group by two unreversed synapomorphies - i.e., the presence of a median fovea on the apex of abdominal sternum VII and a J- or Y-shaped spermatheca - and is furthermore differentiated from related taxa by a unique combination of diagnostic features including the presence of premucro, a complete tegminal plate in males, the absence of longitudinal sclerites in the genital chamber of females, and an apical projection on the spermathecal cornu. A phylogenetic reconstruction of 20 taxa (7 outgroup, 13 ingroup) and 25 morphological characters yielded a single most parsimonious cladogram (L=61 steps, CI=42, RI=74) with the ingroup topology (A. artist, (A. andersoni, (A. earinusparsus, (A. epipolevatus, A. wolcotti)))), (A. eximius, ((A. argentatus, A. mammuthus), (A. viridium, (A. stenoculus, (A. quisqueyanus, (A. adustus, A. empherefasciatus)))))). The phylogeny indicates that Anypotactus bicaudatus Champion (Anypotactini Champion) is the sister group to Apodrosus, thereby calling into question the traditional tribal placement of this genus in the Polydrusini. The host plant associations of most species remain uncertain. A reconstruction of the historical biogeography of Apodrosus suggests that post-GAARlandia (Greater Antillean+Aves Ridges land span) vicariance was an important factor in the diversification of the higher-elevation inhabiting A. artus-A. wolcotti clade. Conversely, the species richness of the lower-elevation inhabiting A. eximius-A. empherefasciatus clade is most plausibly explained through a series of independent and likely more recent colonization events from the ancestral source area of southwestern Hispaniola to several smaller western Caribbean islands, or - in the case of Hispaniola - within-island areas of endemism.10aApodrosus1 aGiron, Jennifer, C.1 aFranz, Nico, M.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/revision-phylogeny-and-historical-biogeography-genus-apodrosus-marshall-1922-coleoptera-curculionida04630nas a2200277   4500008004100000020001400041245011300055210006900168260000800237300001200245490000800257520377300265653001704038653001204055653001404067653001304081653001704094653001304111653001404124653001404138653001504152653001804167653001604185100002004201856013104221       2012                        eng d  a0024-408200aPhylogenetic reassessment of the Exophthalmus genus complex (Curculionidae: Entiminae: Eustylini, Geonemini)0 aPhylogenetic reassessment of the Exophthalmus genus complex Curc  cMar  a510-5570 v1643 aThe monophyly of the Neotropical entimine weevil genus Exophthalmus Schoenherr, 1823 (Curculionidae: Entiminae: Eustylini Lacordaire) is reassessed. Exophthalmus presently includes more than 80 species, approximately half of which are restricted to either the Caribbean archipelago or the continental Neotropics. The taxonomic composition and position of Exophthalmus have been subject to longstanding disagreements; in particular, authors have questioned the relationship of Exophthalmus to other Caribbean genera such as Diaprepes Schoenherr, 1834 (Eustylini) and Lachnopus Schoenherr, 1840 (Geonemini Gistel), as well as to the speciose Central and South American genera Compsus Schoenherr, 1823, Eustylus Schoenherr, 1842, and Exorides Pascoe, 1881 (all Eustylini), among others. The present study scrutinizes these traditional perspectives, based on a cladistic analysis of 143 adult morphological characters and 90 species, representing 30 genera and seven tribes of Neotropical entimine weevils. The character matrix yielded eight most-parsimonious cladograms (length = 239 steps; consistency index = 66; retention index = 91), with mixed clade support that remains particularly wanting for some of the deeper in-group divergences. The strict consensus supports the existence of a paraphyletic Geonemini grade that includes Lachnopus and related Caribbean genera such as Apotomoderes Dejean, 1834, followed by a monophyletic Eustylini in-group clade. Within the latter, a monophyletic South American Eustylini clade including Compsus, Eustylus, Exorides, and related genera is sister to a major clade that contains a grade of heterogeneous and often misclassified Caribbean members of the Eustylini, Geonemini (Tetrabothynus Labram&Imhoff, 1852 and Tropirhinus Schoenherr, 1823), and Tanymecini Lacordaire (Pachnaeus Schoenherr, 1826), as well as two major clades: one with the majority of Central American Exophthalmus species, and the other with most Caribbean members of Exophthalmus. The Central American Exophthalmus clade is paraphyletic with respect to Chauliopleurus Champion, 1911 (Geonemini) and Rhinospathe Chevrolat, 1878 (Phyllobiini Schoenherr). The Caribbean clade, in turn, contains two subclades: i.e. (1) the Greater Antillean Exophthalmus s.s. clade, including the type species Exophthalmus quadrivittatus (Olivier, 1807); and (2) the primarily Lesser Antillean Diaprepes. The latter genus is therefore nested within Central American and Caribbean species of a highly paraphyletic Exophthalmus, yet may be rendered monophyletic if several Lesser Antillean Exophthalmus species are (re-)assigned to Diaprepes. The results thus provide a suitable basis for a revision of all Exophthalmus species, and furthermore suggest that historical biographic factors, including colonization via temporary continental Neotropics-to-Caribbean land connections, were important in the evolution of major eustyline lineages. Based on these preliminary insights, the following taxonomic and nomenclatural adjustments are made. Compsoricus gen. nov. is erected to accommodate two Puerto Rican species erroneously assigned to Compsus: i.e. the herein designated type species Compsoricus maricao comb. nov. and Compsoricus luquillo comb. nov. Eustylus dentipes comb. nov. is transferred from Compsus. Diaprepes marginicollis Chevrolat, 1880 is reinstated from synonymy under Exophthalmus. Lastly, the following five transfers are proposed: (1) Chauliopleurus Champion, 1911, from Geonemini to Eustylini; (2) Tetrabothynus Labram&Imhoff, 1852, from Geonemini to Eustylini; (3) Tropirhinus Schoenherr, 1823, from Geonemini to Eustylini; (4) Rhinospathe Chevrolat, 1878, from Phyllobiini to Eustylini; and (5) Pachnaeus Schoenherr, 1826, from Tanymecini to Eustylini.10aApotomoderes10aCompsus10aEustylini10aEustylus10aExophthalmus10aExorides10aGeonemini10aLachnopus10aTanymecini10aTetrabothynus10aTropirhinus1 aFranz, Nico, M.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/phylogenetic-reassessment-exophthalmus-genus-complex-curculionidae-entiminae-eustylini-geonemini02558nas a2200145   4500008004100000245012200041210006900163260000900232300001000241490000700251520204800258653001702306100002002323856006902343       2010                        eng d00aRevision and phylogeny of the Caribbean weevil genus Apotomoderes Dejean, 1834 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae)0 aRevision and phylogeny of the Caribbean weevil genus Apotomodere  c2010  a33-750 v493 aThe weevil genus Apotomoderes Dejean, 1834 (Curculionidae: Entiminae: Geonemini) is revised, including a redescription of the only previously known species, A. lateralis (Gyllenhal, 1834), and descriptions of five new species: A. anodontos sp. n., A. menocrater sp. n., A. sotomayorae sp. n., A. chariedris sp. n., and A. hadroprion sp. n. The monophyly of Apotomoderes is supported by multiple synapomorphic character states including the two-segmented labial palps, a postocular constriction on the head, a sexually dimorphic, globular pronotum in males, and the presence of setae in the dorsal subapical region of the aedeagus. In addition, all species of Apotomoderes except A. anodontos have a large, knife-like cuticular tooth on the profemur and a toothed ridge along the anteromesal margin of the protibia. Illustrations of external and internal morphological traits are provided, along with a key to the six constituent species. A cladistic analysis of 12 taxa (6 outgroup, 6 ingroup) and 22 characters yielded a single most parsimonious cladogram (L=33, CI=75, RI=90) with the topology (A. anodontos, (A. menocrater, (A. sotomayorae, (A. lateralis, (A. chariedris, A. hadroprion))))). A species of Artipus Sahlberg (Naupactini) was placed as the most immediate relative of Apotomoderes; however, the state of phylogenetic knowledge of Caribbean entimine weevil is still too incomplete to warrant any higher level rearrangements. All species of Apotomoderes occur on Hispaniola with the exception of A. sotomayorae which is endemic to Mona Island, Puerto Rico. A historical biogeographic reconstruction yielded the taxon-area cladogram (southwestern Dominican Republic, (eastern Dominican Republic, Mona Island)), suggesting two successive eastbound colonization events in the Miocene/Pliocene, originating from the southern Hispaniola peninsula. Reliable host plant records are unavailable although adults of A. menocrater have been found on allspice (Pimenta Lindley; Myrtaceae) and lignum vitae (Guaiacum Linnaeus; Zygophyllaceae).10aApotomoderes1 aFranz, Nico, M.  uhttp://pensoftonline.net/zookeys/index.php/journal/issue/view/51