02167nas a2200253   4500008004100000020001400041245010500055210006900160260001100229300001200240490000700252520129700259653002801556100002301584700002201607700002801629700002001657700002001677700002301697700002101720700002101741700002401762856012701786       2010                        eng d  a0006-356800aClimate Change and Bark Beetles of the Western United States and Canada: Direct and Indirect Effects0 aClimate Change and Bark Beetles of the Western United States and  cSep 10  a602-6130 v603 aClimatic changes are predicted to significantly affect the frequency and severity of disturbances that shape forest ecosystems. We provide a synthesis of climate change effects on native bark beetles, important mortality agents of conifers in western North America. Because of differences in temperature-dependent life-history strategies, including cold-induced mortality and developmental timing, responses to warming will differ among and within bark beetle species. The success of bark beetle populations will also be influenced indirectly by the effects of climate on community associates and host-tree vigor, although little information is available to quantify these relationships. We used available population models and climate forecasts to explore the responses of two eruptive bark beetle species. Based on projected warming, increases in thermal regimes conducive to population success are predicted for Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby) and Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, although there is considerable spatial and temporal variability. These predictions from population models suggest a movement of temperature suitability to higher latitudes and elevations and identify regions with a high potential for bark beetle outbreaks and associated tree mortality in the coming century.10aDendroctonus rufipennis1 aBentz, Barbara, J.1 aRegniere, Jacques1 aFettig, Christopher, J.1 aHansen, Matthew1 aHayes, Jane, L.1 aHicke, Jeffrey, A.1 aKelsey, Rick, G.1 aNegron, Jose, F.1 aSeybold, Steven, J.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/climate-change-and-bark-beetles-western-united-states-and-canada-direct-and-indirect-effects