03046nas a2200301   4500008004100000020001400041245008000055210006900135260000800204300001200212490000700224520217400231653001702405653001602422653001502438653001702453653001502470653001802485653001302503653001502516653001402531653001402545653001602559100002302575700002502598700002502623856009602648       2011                        eng d  a1055-790300aThe age and phylogeny of wood boring weevils and the origin of subsociality0 aage and phylogeny of wood boring weevils and the origin of subso  cJun  a708-7240 v593 aA large proportion of the hyperdiverse weevils are wood boring and many of these taxa have subsocial family structures. The origin and relationship between certain wood boring weevil taxa has been problematic to solve and hypotheses on their phylogenies change substantially between different studies. We aimed at testing the phylogenetic position and monophyly of the most prominent wood boring taxa Scolytinae, Platypodinae and Cossoninae, including a range of weevil outgroups with either the herbivorous or wood boring habit. Many putatively intergrading taxa were included in a broad phylogenetic analysis for the first time in this study, such as Schedlarius, Mecopelmus, Coptonotus, Dactylipalpus, Coptocorynus and allied Araucariini taxa, Dobionus, Psepholax, Amorphocerus-Porthetes, and some peculiar wood boring Conoderini with bark beetle behaviour. Data analyses were based on 128 morphological characters, rDNA nucleotides from the D2-D3 segment of 28S, and nucleotides and amino acids from the protein encoding gene fragments of CAD, ArgK, EF-1[alpha] and COI. Although the results varied for some of the groups between various data sets and analyses, one may conclude the following from this study: Scolytinae and Platypodinae are likely sister lineages most closely related to Coptonotus; Cossoninae is monophyletic (including Araucariini) and more distantly related to Scolytinae; Amorphocerini is not part of Cossoninae and Psepholax may belong to Cryptorhynchini. Likelihood estimation of ancestral state reconstruction of subsociality indicated five or six origins as a conservative estimate. Overall the phylogenetic results were quite dependent on morphological data and we conclude that more genetic loci must be sampled to improve phylogenetic resolution. However, some results such as the derived position of Scolytinae were consistent between morphological and molecular data. A revised time estimation of the origin of Curculionidae and various subfamily groups were made using the recently updated fossil age of Scolytinae (100 Ma), which had a significant influence on node age estimates. [copyright] 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.10aAmorphocerus10aAraucariini10aConoderini10aCoptocorynus10aCoptonotus10aDactylipalpus10aDobionus10aMecopelmus10aPorthetes10aPsepholax10aSchedlarius1 aJordal, Bjarte, H.1 aSequeira, Andrea, S.1 aCognato, Anthony, I.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/age-and-phylogeny-wood-boring-weevils-and-origin-subsociality02463nas a2200325   4500008004500000020001400045245017700059210006900236260001200305300001000317490000700327520139600334653001901730653001501749653001401764653001501778653001501793653001001808653001401818653001701832653001701849653001801866653001301884653002001897653001501917100001901932700002601951700002501977856013502002       2008                        Engldsh    a0300-325600aSecondary structure alignment and direct optimization of 28S rDNA sequences provide limited phylogenetic resolution in bark and ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae)0 aSecondary structure alignment and direct optimization of 28S rDN  cJanuary  a43-560 v373 aPhylogenetic relationships in Scolytinae were reconstructed from 107 DNA sequences that spanned the D2 and D3 expansion segments, and related core regions of the nuclear large ribosomal subunit (28S). Sequences were analysed by parsimony and Bayesian analyses of aligned sequences aided by a new secondary structure model for the D2-D3 domains. Direct optimization was performed on ambiguous alignment regions in combination with fixed states optimization of unambiguous regions, but performed poorly compared to the Bayesian and parsimony analyses. Generally, the phylogenetic signal mainly resolved relationships within tribes, while deeper divergences were either not resolved or received marginal support. In addition to confirming several previously established clades, we found that Micracini formed the sister group to Cactopinus, a group of mainly cactus feeding scolytine beetles. Furthermore, Ipini was monophyletic with Pseudips and Acanthotomicus subtending to the most basal node of that Glade. The monophyly of Corthylini, which consists of the bark and cone feeding Pityophtorina and the ambrosia fungus-feeding Corthylina, was supported in some of the analyses. A close relationship was found between Phloeotribus and the two Phloeosinini genera Chramesus and Pseudochramesus, suggesting an evolutionary trajectory for the origin of a lamellate antennal club in Phloeotribus.10aAcanthotomicus10aCactopinus10aChramesus10aCorthylina10aCorthylini10aIpini10aMicracini10aPhloeosinini10aPhloeotribus10aPityophtorina10aPseudips10aPseudochramesus10aScolytinae1 aJordal, Bjarte1 aGillespie, Joseph, J.1 aCognato, Anthony, I.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/secondary-structure-alignment-and-direct-optimization-28s-rdna-sequences-provide-limited-phylogeneti02532nas a2200205   4500008004500000020001400045245014300059210006900202260001300271300001200284490000800296520177100304653001702075653001502092100001602107700002102123700002202144700002502166856013502191       2008                        Engldsh    a0030-129900aLow beta diversity of ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae) in lowland rainforests of Papua New Guinea0 aLow beta diversity of ambrosia beetles Coleoptera Curculionidae   cFebruary  a214-2220 v1173 aWe assessed the effect of geographical distance on insect species turnover in a situation where other major environmental factors, including host plant species, altitude, and climate, were constant. We sampled ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae) from four tree species: Artocarpus altilis, Ficus nodosa, Leea indica and Nauclea orientalis, at three sites forming a 1000 km transect in lowland rainforests of northern Papua New Guinea. A standardized volume of wood from trunk, branches and twigs was sampled for ambrosia beetles from three individuals of the four tree species at each site. Each tree was killed standing and left exposed to beetle colonization for 20 days prior to sampling. We obtained 12 751 individuals from 84 morphospecies of ambrosia beetles. We surveyed most of the local species richness at each site, predicted by Chao 2 species richness estimates. The similarity of ambrosia beetle communities, estimated by Chao-Sorensen index, was not correlated with their geographical distance. Likelihood analysis and Q-mode analysis using Monte Carlo-generated null distribution of beetles among sites supported the hypothesis that the assemblages of ambrosia beetles at different sites are drawn from the same species pool, regardless of their geographical distance. Tree part (trunk, branch, or twig) was more important predictor of the composition of ambrosia beetle communities than was the host species or geographical location. All three variables, however, explained only a small portion of variability in ambrosia assemblages. The distribution of ambrosia beetles among tree parts, tree species and study sites was mostly random, suggesting limited importance of host specificity or dispersal limitation.10aPlatypodinae10aScolytinae1 aHulcr, Jiri1 aNovotny, Vojtech1 aMaurer, Brian, A.1 aCognato, Anthony, I.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/low-beta-diversity-ambrosia-beetles-coleoptera-curculionidae-scolytinae-and-platypodinae-lowland-rai01865nas a2200169   4500008004100000020001400041245007200055210006900127260000800196300001400204490000700218520131800225653001501543100001601558700002501574856009601599       2010                        eng d  a0014-382000aREPEATED EVOLUTION OF CROP THEFT IN FUNGUS-FARMING AMBROSIA BEETLES0 aREPEATED EVOLUTION OF CROP THEFT IN FUNGUSFARMING AMBROSIA BEETL  cNov  a3205-32120 v643 aAmbrosia beetles, dominant wood degraders in the tropics, create tunnels in dead trees and employ gardens of symbiotic fungi to extract nutrients from wood. Specificity of the beetle-fungus relationship has rarely been examined, and simple vertical transmission of a specific fungal cultivar by each beetle species is often assumed in literature. We report repeated evolution of fungal crop stealing, termed mycocleptism, among ambrosia beetles. The mycocleptic species seek brood galleries of other species, and exploit their established fungal gardens by tunneling through the ambient mycelium-laden wood. Instead of carrying their own fungal sybmbionts, mycocleptae depend on adopting the fungal assemblages of their host species, as shown by an analysis of fungal DNA from beetle galleries. The evidence for widespread horizontal exchange of fungi between beetles challenges the traditional concept of ambrosia fungi as species-specific symbionts. Fungus stealing appears to be an evolutionarily successful strategy. It evolved independently in several beetle clades, two of which have radiated, and at least one case was accompanied by a loss of the beetles' fungus-transporting organs. We demonstrate this using the first robust phylogeny of one of the world's largest group of ambrosia beetles, Xyleborini.10aXyleborini1 aHulcr, Jiri1 aCognato, Anthony, I.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/repeated-evolution-crop-theft-fungus-farming-ambrosia-beetles04565nas a2200841   4500008004100000020001400041245010700055210006900162260000900231300001200240490000700252520208800259653001002347653001702357653001502374653002302389653002402412653002302436653002202459653002402481653002502505653002202530653002202552653002002574653001702594653001202611653001502623653001502638653002002653653001902673653001802692653001802710653001502728653001902743653001502762653002802777653002202805653002702827653002902854653002602883653001702909653002502926653002602951653002502977653002903002653003003031653001503061653001303076653001803089653002603107653002703133653003003160653002903190653002703219653002903246653003003275653002803305653003003333653002903363653001603392653001503408653001403423653001103437653001503448653001603463653001403479653001603493100001603509700002403525700002203549700002503571856012703596       2007                        eng d  a0307-697000aCladistic review of generic taxonomic characters in Xyleborina (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)0 aCladistic review of generic taxonomic characters in Xyleborina C  cJuly  a568-5840 v323 aA cladistic analysis of morphological characters of the subtribe Xyleborina (Curculionidae, Scolytinae) is presented. An examination of individual characters revealed little phylogenetic information in many characters currently used for delimiting genera. Phylogenetically stable characters were used for the evaluation of the contemporary generic concept. The following genera have been recovered as monophyletic: Cnestus, Dryocoetoides, Eccoptopterus, Xylosandrus, Schedlia, Sampsonius and Taurodemus. The following genera have been found to be polyphyletic: Amasa, Ambrosiodmus, Arixyleborus, Coptoborus, Coptodryas, Cryptoxyleborus, Cyclorhipidion, Euwallacea, Leptoxyleborus, Taphrodasus, Theoborus, Webbia, Xyleborinus and Xyleborus. The analysis permitted the resurrection of four genera: Anisandrus, Microperus, Pseudowebbia and Streptocranus. A number of new combinations at specific level are given: Anisandrus cornutus (Schaufuss, 1891), A. dispar (Fabricius, 1792), A. eggersi (Beeson, 1930), A. improbus (Sampson, 1913), A. longidens (Eggers, 1930), A. maiche Stark, 1936, A. obesus (LeConte, 1868), A. sayi Hopkins, 1915, A. apicalis (Blandford, 1894), A. hirtus (Hagedorn, 1904), Microperus myristicae (Schedl, 1939), M. eucalypticus (Schedl, 1938), M. huangi (Browne, 1983), M. intermedius (Eggers, 1923), M. kadoyamaensis (Murayama, 1934), Pseudowebbia armifer (Schedl, 1942), P. seriata Browne, 1963, P. squamatilis (Schedl, 1955), P. trepanicauda (Eggers, 1923), P. curvatus (Browne, 1986), Streptocranus bicolor Browne, 1949, S. bicuspis (Eggers, 1940), S. capucinulus (Schedl, 1942), S. forficatus (Schedl, 1957), S. fragilis Browne, 1949, S. longicauda Browne, 1960, S. longispinis Browne, 1986, S. mirabilis Schedl, 1939, S. usagaricus (Eggers, 1922), S. sexdentatus (Eggers, 1940). The characters most useful for generic-level taxonomy of Xyleborina were identified and their states refined and illustrated. An accompanying illustrated multiple-entry electronic key for the updated xyleborine classification has been published on-line at www.scolytid.msu.edu.10aAmasa10aAmbrosiodmus10aAnisandrus10aAnisandrus  dispar10aAnisandrus apicalis10aAnisandrus eggersi10aAnisandrus hirtus10aAnisandrus improbus10aAnisandrus longidens10aAnisandrus maiche10aAnisandrus obesus10aAnisandrus sayi10aArixyleborus10aCnestus10aCoptoborus10aCoptodryas10aCryptoxyleborus10aCyclorhipidion10aDryocoetoides10aEccoptopterus10aEuwallacea10aLeptoxyleborus10aMicroperus10aMicroperus eucalypticus10aMicroperus huangi10aMicroperus intermedius10aMicroperus kadoyamaensis10aMicroperus myristicae10aPseudowebbia10aPseudowebbia armifer10aPseudowebbia curvatus10aPseudowebbia seriata10aPseudowebbia squamatilis10aPseudowebbia trepanicauda10aSampsonius10aSchedlia10aStreptocranus10aStreptocranus bicolor10aStreptocranus bicuspis10aStreptocranus capucinulus10aStreptocranus forficatus10aStreptocranus fragilis10aStreptocranus longicauda10aStreptocranus longispinis10aStreptocranus mirabilis10aStreptocranus sexdentatus10aStreptocranus usagaricus10aTaphrodasus10aTaurodemus10aTheoborus10aWebbia10aXyleborina10aXyleborinus10aXyleborus10aXylosandrus1 aHulcr, Jiri1 aDole, Stephanie, A.1 aBeaver, Roger, A.1 aCognato, Anthony, I.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/cladistic-review-generic-taxonomic-characters-xyleborina-coleoptera-curculionidae-scolytinae01544nas a2200181   4500008004100000020001400041245010600055210006900161260000800230300001400238490000800252520088200260653002001142100002301162700002201185700002501207856013001232       2010                        eng d  a0022-049300aDNA Identification Confirms Pecan Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Infestation of Carpathian Walnut0 aDNA Identification Confirms Pecan Weevil Coleoptera Curculionida  cAug  a1312-13140 v1033 aLarvae found infesting fruit from a Carpathian walnut, Juglans regia L., tree in Missouri were confirmed by DNA analysis to be those of pecan weevil, Curculio caryae (Horn) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The infested walnut tree occurs in the midst of pecan weevil-infested pecans, Carya illinoinensis (Wang.) K. Koch; the larval haplotypes were found to be identical to pecan weevil larvae from the region, indicating that the walnut infestation arose by association with infested pecan. This is the first confirmed DNA analysis showing pecan weevil attacks J. regia and the second report that J. regia may be at risk of infestation by pecan weevil. Further study indicates this infestation on walnut is established and ongoing. The pecan weevil is a key pest of pecan and seems capable of inflicting similar damage to walnut if spread to commercial areas that produce J. regia.10aCurculio caryae1 aHarris, Marvin, K.1 aHunt, Kenneth, L.1 aCognato, Anthony, I.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/dna-identification-confirms-pecan-weevil-coleoptera-curculionidae-infestation-carpathian-walnut02669nas a2200241   4500008004100000020001400041245017900055210006900234260000800303300001400311490000800325520174100333653002702074653002202101653002502123100002502148700002502173700002602198700002302224700002302247700002202270856013502292       2010                        eng d  a0022-049300aSpecies Composition, Seasonal Activity, and Semiochemical Response of Native and Exotic Bark and Ambrosia Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Northeastern Ohio0 aSpecies Composition Seasonal Activity and Semiochemical Response  cAug  a1187-11950 v1033 aIn 2007, we surveyed the alien and endemic scolytine (bark and ambrosia beetles) fauna of northeastern Ohio, and for the most abundant species, we characterized their seasonal activity and response to three semiochemical baits. In total,5,339 scolytine beetles represented by 47 species and 29 genera were caught in Lindgren funnel traps. Three species constituted 57% of the total catch, including Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford), Tomicus piniperda (L.), and Dryocoetes autographus (Ratzeburg). Of the total captured, 32% of the species and [approximately equal]60% of the individuals were exotic, suggesting that exotic species numerically dominate the scolytine fauna in some urban areas. More native and exotic species were caught in traps baited with ethanol alone than in traps baited with other lures. However, significantly more individuals, especially of T. piniperda, D. autographus, Gnathotrichus materiarius (Fitch), and Ips grandicollis (Eichhoff), and species were caught in traps baited with ethanol plus a-pinene than in traps baited with ethanol alone or the exotic Ips lure. This suggests that among these baits, the ethanol plus a-pinene baits may be useful in maximizing scolytine beetle catches of these species within this region. Species diversity and richness for both native and exotic beetles was greatest in traps baited with ethanol alone. The period of peak trap capture varied depending upon species: X. germanus was most abundant in traps in mid-May and early-August; T. pin iperda in mid-May; D. autographus in early June, mid-July, and mid-September; Anisandrus sayi Hopkins and C. materiarius in mid-May, mid-July, and early September; and I. grandicollis in early April, mid-July, and late September.10aDryocoetes autographus10aTomicus piniperda10aXylosandrus germanus1 aGandhi, Kamal, J. K.1 aCognato, Anthony, I.1 aLightle, Danielle, M.1 aMosley, Bryson, J.1 aNielsen, David, G.1 aHerms, Daniel, A.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/species-composition-seasonal-activity-and-semiochemical-response-native-and-exotic-bark-and-ambrosia02446nas a2200229   4500008004100000020001400041245012300055210006900178260001000247300001200257490000700269520166500276653001001941653001501951653001201966653001501978653001601993100002402009700002302033700002502056856013502081       2010                        eng d  a1055-790300aPolyphyly of Xylosandrus Reitter inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial genes (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)0 aPolyphyly of Xylosandrus Reitter inferred from nuclear and mitoc  cMarch  a773-7820 v543 aThe Xyleborina ambrosia beetle genus Xylosandrus contains 54 species, several of which are of economic importance. The monophyly of the genus was tested using a data set comprised of multiple gene loci: 28S rDNA; the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase 1[alpha] (CO1); and the nuclear genes arginine kinase (ArgK), rudimentary (CAD), and Elongation Factor 1[alpha] (EF-1[alpha]). The nuclear protem-coding genes CAD and ArgK were used for the first time in phylogenetics of Scolytinae. Analyses were performed using Parsimony and Bayesian optimality criteria. Our analyses included 43 specimens representing 15 Xylosandrus species and 20 species from Amasa, Anisandrus, Cnestuts, Euwallacea and Xyleborus, and two species from the out-group genus Coccotrypes. All analyses recovered a polyphyletic Xylosandrus. Several species of Xylosandrus were consistently placed in clades with the genera Anisandrus and Cnestus with high Support values (100% bootstrap support). Among these, was the economically important invasive species X. mutilatus, which was consistently recovered as part of the "Criestus" clade. In our analyses, both CAD and ArgK demonstrated phylogenetic utility across varying nodal depths. Despite the selection of genes with signals at complementary phylogenetic depths, the data set used herein did not resolve the phylogeny of Xylosandrus and related genera. Since the taxon sample available for molecular work represents only a fraction of Xylosandrus species, a complete revision that combines molecular and morphological data in a total evidence approach is recommended for the genus. [copyright] 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.10aAmasa10aAnisandrus10aCnestus10aEuwallaeea10aXylosandrus1 aDole, Stephanie, A.1 aJordal, Bjarte, H.1 aCognato, Anthony, I.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/polyphyly-xylosandrus-reitter-inferred-nuclear-and-mitochondrial-genes-coleoptera-curculionidae-scol01385nas a2200169   4500008004100000020001400041245009900055210006900154260000900223300001200232490000700244520077000251653003001021100002401051700002501075856011501100       2007                        eng d  a0010-065X00aA new genus and species of Bothrosternina (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from Ecuador0 anew genus and species of Bothrosternina Coleoptera Curculionidae  cJune  a318-3250 v613 aAkrobothrus ecuadoriensis, new genus and species of bark beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Bothrosternina) is described from the Ecuadorian Amazon. Its highly unusual elytral morphology, with a distinct depression around the scutellum, distinguishes it from all known species within the subtribe. In the male specimen, this depression results in a large spade-shaped scutellum that extends out over the elytral suture. Akrobothrus can be separated from other genera of Bothrosternina by a unique combination of characters. The antennal club is elongate and parallel-sided with 3 segments divided by procurved and recurved sutures. The lateral margins of the pronotum are costate and the prothroracic intercoxal piece has a transverse subcarinate ridge.10aAkrobothrus ecuadoriensis1 aDole, Stephanie, A.1 aCognato, Anthony, I.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/new-genus-and-species-bothrosternina-coleoptera-curculionidae-scolytinae-ecuador02393nas a2200217   4500008004100000020001400041245010100055210006900156260001700225300001200242490000700254520167400261653001001935653001501945653001201960653001501972653001601987100002402003700002502027856012302052       2010                        eng d  a0068-547X00aPhylogenetic revision of Xylosandrus Reitter (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborina)0 aPhylogenetic revision of Xylosandrus Reitter Coleoptera Curculio  cSeptember 15  a451-5450 v613 aA phylogenetic revision of the xyleborine genus Xylosandrus Reitter based on morphological and molecular data sets is presented. The monophyly of the genus was tested using a 43 character morphological data set analyzed separately and in combination with a molecular data set comprised of five independent gene loci: 28S rDNA; the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I (COI); and the nuclear protein-coding genes arginine kinase (ArgK), CAD (rudimentary), and elongation factor 1-[alpha] (EF-l[alpha]). Xylosandrus was recovered as polyphyletic with the present classification containing species from four other genera: Amasa Lea, Anisandrus Ferrari, Cnestus Sampson, Euwallaeea Hopkins, as well as Xylosandrus. A taxonomic revision of Xylosandrus is presented based on these results. The following new combinations are given: Amasa cylindrotomicus (Schedl), A. omissus (Schedl), A. oralis (Schedl), Anisandrus butamali (Beeson), A. ursa (Eggers), A. ursinus (Hagedorn), A. ursulus (Eggers), Cnestus ater (Eggers), C. fijianus (Schedl), C. gravidus (Blandford), C. improcerus (Sampson), C. laticeps (Wood), C. mutilatus (Blandford), C. orbiculatus (Schedl), C. peruanus (Wood), C. retifer (Wood), C. retusus (Eichhoff), C. testudo (Eggers), Cyclorhipidion squamulatum (Beaver and Loyttyniemi) all listed in Xylosandrus by Wood and Bright (1992); Xylosandrus amputatus (Blandford) and X. mixtus (Schedl) are transferred from Amasa, X. russulus (Schedel) from Euwallacea, and X. rotundicollis (Browne) from Xyleborus Eichhoff. Two new species of Xylosandrus are described: X. borneensis and X. hulcri. An illustrated key to species of Xylosandrus worldwide is provided.10aAmasa10aAnisandrus10aCnestus10aEuwallaeea10aXylosandrus1 aDole, Stephanie, A.1 aCognato, Anthony, I.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/phylogenetic-revision-xylosandrus-reitter-coleoptera-curculionidae-scolytinae-xyleborina02243nas a2200193   4500008004100000020001400041245015100055210006900206260001000275300001200285490000700297520150700304653001501811100002501826700001601851700002401867700002301891856013501914       2011                        eng d  a0300-325600aPhylogeny of haplo-diploid, fungus-growing ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini) inferred from molecular and morphological data0 aPhylogeny of haplodiploid fungusgrowing ambrosia beetles Curculi  cMarch  a174-1860 v403 aThe ambrosia beetle tribe Xyleborini currently contains 30 genera and approximately 1200 species which are distributed throughout worldwide forests with most diversity located in the tropics. They also represent the most invasive scolytines in North America. Despite economic concerns and biological curiosity with this group, a comprehensive understanding of generic boundaries and the evolutionary relationship among species is lacking. In this study, we include 155 xyleborine species representing 23 genera in parsimony and Bayesian analyses using 3925 nucleotides from mitochondrial (COI) and nuclear genomes (28S, ArgK, CAD, EF-1a) and 39 morphological characters. The phylogenies resulting from the parsimony analyses, which treated gap positions either as missing or fifth character states, and the Bayesian analysis were generally similar. Clades with high support or posterior probabilities were found in all trees, while those with low support were not recovered by all analyses. Fourteen of the 23 genera were monophyletic although not all relationships among the genera were resolved. We show monophyly of several species groups associated with particular morphological and biological characters and suggest recognition of these groups as genera. Most interesting was the monophyly of South and Central American species representing several genera. This finding suggests recent and fast radiation of xyleborines in the New World accompanied by morphological and biological diversification.10aXyleborini1 aCognato, Anthony, I.1 aHulcr, Jiri1 aDole, Stephanie, A.1 aJordal, Bjarte, H.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/phylogeny-haplo-diploid-fungus-growing-ambrosia-beetles-curculionidae-scolytinae-xyleborini-inferred00692nas a2200193   4500008004500000020001400045245008800059210006900147260001400216300001200230490000700242653001500249653002600264653002500290653002600315100002500341700002100366856011100387       2008                        Engldsh    a0010-065X00aNew exotic ambrosia beetles found in Hawaii (Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborina)0 aNew exotic ambrosia beetles found in Hawaii Curculionidae Scolyt  cSeptember  a421-4240 v6210aXyleborina10aXyleborinus andrewesi10aXylosandrus germanus10aXylosandrus morigerus1 aCognato, Anthony, I.1 aRubinoff, Daniel  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/new-exotic-ambrosia-beetles-found-hawaii-curculionidae-scolytinae-xyleborina01582nas a2200169   4500008004100000020001400041245010800055210006900163260001200232300001100244490000700255520096200262653001501224100002501239700002001264856012801284       2009                        eng d  a0307-697000a100 million years of morphological conservation in bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)0 a100 million years of morphological conservation in bark beetles   cJanuary  a93-1000 v343 aScolytine weevils (bark and ambrosia beetles) have a unique ecological significance in forest ecosystems, which equates to major effects on landscape ecology and to monetary losses. Fossilized galleries of scolytines have been reported in Late Mesozoic wood, but here we describe a well-preserved body fossil from the Cretaceous, c. 100 Ma, preserved in amber from northern Myanmar. Moreover, the specimen is remarkably similar to Recent species of the genus Microborus, revealing stasis unexpected within scolytines and thus highlighting the antiquity of the group. Stratigraphic dating and comparison of insect palaeofaunas included in other well-dated ambers from multiple sites support the age estimate of the Burmese amber. A minimum age for one clade of scolytines is thus established, indicating an early divergence of scolytines from other weevils in the Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous and challenging the current perspective of weevil evolution.10aScolytinae1 aCognato, Anthony, I.1 aGrimaldi, David  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/100-million-years-morphological-conservation-bark-beetles-coleoptera-curculionidae-scolytinae00894nas a2200157   4500008004500000020001400045245009600059210006900155260001300224300001200237490000700249520031700256653002600573100002500599856011200624       2008                        Engldsh    a0010-065X00aA new species of Orthotomicus Ferrari 1867 (Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Ipini) from Thailand0 anew species of Orthotomicus Ferrari 1867 Curculionidae Scolytina  cDecember  a496-4990 v623 aOrthotomicus chaokhao new, species is described front Northern Thailand. It is morphologically similar to O. angulatus Eichhoff, 1878 but can be distinguished by the presence of a spine located on the face of declivity near the apex of the declivity and also by straight posterior margin of elytra in both sexes.10aOrthotomicus chaokhao1 aCognato, Anthony, I.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/new-species-orthotomicus-ferrari-1867-curculionidae-scolytinae-ipini-thailand02905nas a2200217   4500008004100000020001400041245007800055210006900133260001300202300001000215490000700225520221500232653002402447100001902471700001702490700001802507700001702525700001902542700002502561856010102586       2011                        eng d  a1461-955500aAggregation pheromone of the Oriental spruce engraver Pseudips orientalis0 aAggregation pheromone of the Oriental spruce engraver Pseudips o  cFebruary  a67-750 v133 aVolatiles from the hindgut extracts of males of the Oriental spruce engraver Pseudips orientalis (Wood & Yin) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) of different phases of gallery development were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-flame ionization detection (GC-MS/FID) with both polar and enantioselective columns. GC-MS/FID analyses showed that unmated males or males mated with one female produced approximately 95%-(-)-ipsenol and (-)-cis-verbenol as major components, as well as (-)-trans-verbenol, myrtenol, approximately 70%-(+)-ipsdienol and (-)-verbenone as minor or trace components. The release of these male-produced compounds was confirmed by GC analysis of an aeration sample of a P. orientalis-infested spruce log. Mating reduced production of the male-specific hindgut volatiles. A field-trapping bioassay in Qinghai, China, showed that a ternary blend containing two major components, 97%-(-)-ipsenol (i.e. close to naturally produced enantiomeric ratio) and (-)-cis-verbenol, plus a minor component (-)-trans-verbenol, caught significantly more P. orientalis beetles ([male]: [female] = 1: 2.7) compared with the unbaited control. Subtraction of (-)-trans-verbenol from the active ternary blend had no significant effect on trap catches. The addition of ([plus or minus])-ipsdienol (at 0.2 mg/day release) to the active ternary or binary blends significantly interrupted their trap catches. Replacing 97%-(-)-ipsenol with ([plus or minus])-ipsenol in the ternary blend significantly reduced trap catches to a level that was no different from the blank control. Pseudips species were sister to all other Ipini genera in a phylogeny reconstructed with mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I DNA data for 51 Ipini and outgroup species. The results obtained suggest that the two major components, 95%-(-)-ipsenol and (-)-cis-verbenol (at approximately 4-5 : 1), produced by unmated fed males, are probably the primary aggregation pheromone components for P. orientalis. In light of the phylogeny, the use of terpenoid semiochemicals as pheromones probably occurred early in the evolution of Ipini and these semiochemical blends were subsequently modified in the process of speciation.10aPseudips orientalis1 aZhang, Qing-He1 aMa, Jian-Hai1 aZhao, Feng-Yu1 aSong, Li-Wen1 aSun, Jiang-Hua1 aCognato, Anthony, I.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/aggregation-pheromone-oriental-spruce-engraver-pseudips-orientalis01757nas a2200169   4500008004100000245015500041210006900196260000900265300001000274490000700284520114700291653001601438653001801454100002501472700002101497856006901518       2010                        eng d00aResurrection of Dryotomicus Wood and description of two new species from the Amazon River Basin (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Phloeotribini)0 aResurrection of Dryotomicus Wood and description of two new spec  c2010  a49-640 v563 aA cladistic analysis based on 20 morphological characters was conducted for 11 species representing two valid and two synonymized Phloeotribini genera. One hundred-eighty most-parsimonious trees were recovered and the Dryotomicus Wood species were monophyletic in a mostly unresolved strict-consensus tree. The unusual antennal morphology, with the length of the first two funicular segments equal to the last three segments and a scape which is twice the length of the funicle, distinguish Dryotomicus from the other Phloeotribini genera. Hence this genus is resurrected because of monophyly and diagnostic characters. Dryotomicus oenophilis sp. n. and D. woodrex sp. n. are described from Guyana and Peru, respectively. In the male specimen of D. oenophilis, the frons has one median and two large lateral carinae and in the male specimen of D. woodrex, the frons has three smaller median tubercles arranged transversely. Phloeotribus puberulus Chapuis and P. tuberculatus (Eggers) were monophyletic with the new Dryotomicus species and thus are transferred to this genus. Keys to the Phloeotribini genera and Dryotomicus species are given.10aDryotomicus10aPhloeotribini1 aCognato, Anthony, I.1 aSmith, Sarah, M.  uhttp://pensoftonline.net/zookeys/index.php/journal/issue/view/5800923nas a2200193   4500008004100000020001400041245011100055210006900166260001100235300001000246490000900256520029700265653002800562653002900590100002500619700002500644700002500669856003500694       2010                        eng d  a1175-532600aTwo newly detected bark and ambrosia beetles from southern Florida (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae)0 aTwo newly detected bark and ambrosia beetles from southern Flori  c19 Jan  a63-680 v23383 aCoptoborus pseudotenuis (Schedl) and Cryptocarenus diadematus Eggers, two species of Neotropical Scolytinae, are reported from Florida and the U.S. for the first time. This is the first report of the genus Coptoborus from the U.S. We provide descriptions, figures, distribution maps and keys.10aCoptoborus pseudotenuis10aCryptocarenus diadematus1 aAtkinson, Thomas, H.1 aRabaglia, Robert, J.1 aCognato, Anthony, I.  uhttp://www.mapress.com/zootaxa00970nas a2200193   4500008004100000020001400041245008400055210006900139260001100208300001000219490000900229520041700238653001900655653001400674653001200688100001600700700002500716856003500741       2009                        eng d  a1175-532600aThree new genera of oriental Xyleborina (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)0 aThree new genera of oriental Xyleborina Coleoptera Curculionidae  c20 Aug  a19-360 v22043 aWe describe three new genera (Ambrosiophilus gen. n., Beaverium gen. n., and Diuncus gen. n.) and diagnose 26 species of ambrosia-feeding scolytines, almost all from the Palaeotropical region. These taxa are ecologically interesting because of their intimate relationship with other xyleborine species. Recognition of these genera is an initial step towards a revision of the large polyphyletic genus, Xyleborus.10aAmbrosiophilus10aBeaverium10aDiuncus1 aHulcr, Jiri1 aCognato, Anthony, I.  uhttp://www.mapress.com/zootaxa