02258nas a2200229   4500008004100000020001400041245012400055210006900179260000900248300001100257490000700268520144800275653001301723100002201736700002701758700002601785700002501811700002201836700001901858700002301877856012801900       2007                        eng d  a0334-511400aComposition of the bacterial community in the gut of the pine engraver, Ips pini (Say) (Coleoptera) colonizing red pine0 aComposition of the bacterial community in the gut of the pine en  c2007  a97-1040 v433 aThe gut bacterial community of a bark beetle, the pine engraver Ips pini (Say), was characterized using culture-dependent and culture- independent methods. Bacteria from individual guts of larvae, pupae and adults were cultured and DNA was extracted from samples of pooled larval guts. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences amplified directly from the gut community suggests that the gut bacterial communities associated with I. pini are relatively simple, compared to many other systems. Six bacterial genera from four classes were detected by culturing gut bacteria from larvae, pupae and adults. Two genera, Pantoea and Stenotrophomonas ([gamma]-Proteobacteria) were found in all life stages of I. pini, consistently in larvae and adults, and less commonly in pupae. Sequences that affiliate with the Enterobactereaceae of the [gamma]-Proteobacteria were found in 95% of the clones sampled. The Enterobactereaceae genera, Pantoea and Erwinia, accounted for 88% of all clone sequences. These results are consistent with previous work indicating that another bark beetle, the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman, also has a relatively simple gut flora, compared with wood colonizing insects such as wood borers and termites. The composition and abundance of bacteria associated with different life stages of I. pini are possibly associated with specific functions of the gut bacterial communities of larvae, pupae, and adults10aIps pini1 aDelalibera, Italo1 aVasanthakumar, Archana1 aBurwitz, Benjamin, J.1 aSchloss, Patrick, D.1 aKlepzig, Kier, D.1 aHandelsman, Jo1 aRaffa, Kenneth, F.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/composition-bacterial-community-gut-pine-engraver-ips-pini-say-coleoptera-colonizing-red-pine02435nas a2200217   4500008004100000020001400041245011200055210006900167260000800236300001200244490000800256520166300264653002801927653002801955653001301983100002401996700002702020700001802047700002302065856012902088       2009                        eng d  a0013-870300aSurvey and phylogenetic analysis of culturable microbes in the oral secretions of three bark beetle species0 aSurvey and phylogenetic analysis of culturable microbes in the o  cMay  a138-1470 v1313 aIn a recent study, we reported a previously undescribed behavior in which a bark beetle exuded oral secretions containing bacteria that have antifungal properties, and hence defend their galleries against pervasive antagonistic Hyphomycete fungi. Actinobacteria, a group known for their antibiotic properties, were the most effective against fungi that invade the spruce beetle galleries. In the present study, we describe the isolation and identification of microorganisms from oral secretions of three bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae): the spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby, the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, and the pine engraver, Ips pini Say. Bacteria isolated from these three species span the major bacterial classes [alpha]-, [beta]-, and [gamma]-Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria, except for D. ponderosae, which yielded no [alpha]-proteobacteria or Bacteroidetes isolates. Spruce beetles and pine engraver beetles had similar numbers of [alpha]-proteobacteria isolates, but pine engravers yielded twice as many Bacteroidetes isolates as spruce beetles. In contrast, mountain pine beetles yielded more isolates in the [beta]- and [gamma]-proteobacteria than spruce beetles and pine engravers. The highest percentage of Actinobacteria was obtained from spruce beetles, followed by pine engravers and mountain pine beetles. All of the fungal isolates obtained from the three beetle species were Ascomycetes. The greatest fungal diversity was obtained in spruce beetles, which had nine species, followed by pine engravers with five, and mountain pine beetles with one.10aDendroctonus ponderosae10aDendroctonus rufipennis10aIps pini1 aCardoza, Yasmin, J.1 aVasanthakumar, Archana1 aSuazo, Alonso1 aRaffa, Kenneth, F.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/survey-and-phylogenetic-analysis-culturable-microbes-oral-secretions-three-bark-beetle-species02987nas a2200193   4500008004100000020001400041245015600055210006900211260001600280300001200296490000800308520224400316653001302560100002102573700001902594700002302613700002302636856013402659       2009                        eng d  a0008-347X00aAssemblage of Hymenoptera arriving at logs colonized by Ips pini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and its microbial symbionts in western Montana0 aAssemblage of Hymenoptera arriving at logs colonized by Ips pini  cMarch-April  a172-1990 v1413 aColonization of a tree by bark beetles and their symbionts creates a new habitat for a diverse assemblage of arthropods, including competing herbivores, xylophages, fungivores, saprophages, predators, and parasitoids. Understanding these assemblages is important for evaluating, nontarget effects of various management tactics and for subsequently evaluating how changes in climate, the presence of invasive species. and altered forestry practices and land-use tenure may affect biodiversity. We characterized the assemblage of hymenopterans attracted to logs of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa C. Lawson (Pinaceae)) colonized by the bark beetle Ips pini (Say) and its microbial symbionts. In one experiment, the composition and relative abundances, of species arriving at hosts colonized by I. pini, and possible sources of attraction, were determined. Treatments consisted of a loo containing I. pini with its natural complement of microorganisms, a log alone, and a blank control. A second experiment was carried out to determine whether or not Hymenoptera were attracted to microbial symbionts of I. pini. Treatments consisted of a blank control, a to, alone, a lop containing L pini with its natural complement of microrganisms, either Ophiostoma ips, Burk-holderia sp., or Pichia scolyti. and a log inoculated with a combination of these three microorganisms. Over 2 years, 5163 Hymenoptera were captured, of which over 98% were parasitoids. Braconidae, Platygastridae, Encyrtidae. Pteromalidae, and Ichneumonidae were the most abundant. Seven known species of bark beetle parasitoids (all Pteromalidae) were captured. However. parasitoids of Diptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera. and non-wood-boring Coleoptera were also common. Nineteen species showed preferential attraction to host plants infested with I. pini and its complement of microorganisms, host plants inoculated with I. pini microbial symbionts, or host plants alone. Interestingly, many of these species were parasitoids of phytophagous, fungivorous, and saprophytic insects rather than of bark beetles themselves. These results Suggest that a diverse assemblage of natural enemies that attack various feeding guilds within a common habitat exploit common olfactory cues.10aIps pini1 aBoone, Celia, K.1 aSix, Diana, L.1 aKrauth, Steven, J.1 aRaffa, Kenneth, F.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/assemblage-hymenoptera-arriving-logs-colonized-ips-pini-coleoptera-curculionidae-scolytinae-and-its02937nas a2200193   4500008004500000020001400045245010800059210006900167260001300236300001200249490000700261520225200268653002802520653001302548100002102561700001902582700002302601856011902624       2008                        Engldsh    a1461-955500aThe enemy of my enemy is still my enemy: competitors add to predator load of a tree-killing bark beetle0 aenemy of my enemy is still my enemy competitors add to predator   cNovember  a411-4210 v103 a1 The mountain pine beetle Dendroctonus ponderosae is a major tree-killing bark beetle in North America. We evaluated how the subsequent arrival of a competing bark beetle Ips pini influences the arrival of predators and their impact on both species.2 The predators Temnochila chlorodia and Enoclerus sphegeus were strongly attracted to pheromones of D. ponderosae. By contrast, Enoclerus lecontei was mostly attracted to I. pini pheromones. The host compound myrcene synergized attraction of both D. ponderosae and E. sphegeus to the pheromone of D. ponderosae. However, it inhibited attraction of both I. pini and E. lecontei to I. pini's pheromone.3 Dendroctonus ponderosae were more attracted to trees than logs treated with its pheromones, whereas I. pini were more attracted to logs than trees treated with its pheromones. Some 78% of T. chlorodia were captured at hosts baited with D. ponderosae pheromones, whereas 83% of E. lecontei were captured at hosts baited with I. pini pheromones. We characterized the sequence of arrival to live trees baited with pheromones of D. ponderosae as: D. ponderosae, T. chlorodia, E. sphegeus, I. pini, E. lecontei.4 Various combinations of I. pini and predators were added to logs colonized by D. ponderosae in the above sequence of arrival observed in live trees baited with D. ponderosae aggregation pheromones. Ips pini reduced D. ponderosae adult brood production. However, the combination of I. pini and E. lecontei did not raise D. ponderosae brood production above that observed with only I. pini present. Similarly, the combination of I. pini and T. chlorodia did not reduce D. ponderosae brood production below that observed with I. pini alone. By contrast, the combination of I. pini, T. chlorodia and E. lecontei caused more brood loss to D. ponderosae than I. pini alone.5 Enoclerus lecontei did not reduce brood production by T. chlorodia, whereas T. chlorodia substantially reduced brood production by E. lecontei.6 Secondary bark beetles that exploit the resource created by primary tree-killing species exert negative effects through both competition and increased predator load. Implications to the population dynamics, ecology and evolution of tree-killing bark beetles are discussed.10aDendroctonus ponderosae10aIps pini1 aBoone, Celia, K.1 aSix, Diana, L.1 aRaffa, Kenneth, F.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/enemy-my-enemy-still-my-enemy-competitors-add-predator-load-tree-killing-bark-beetle02623nas a2200193   4500008004500000020001400045245010500059210006900164260001300233300001200246490000700258520194200265653001302207100002102220700001902241700001902260700002302279856012702302       2008                        Engldsh    a0046-225X00aParasitoids and dipteran predators exploit volatiles from microbial symbionts to locate bark beetles0 aParasitoids and dipteran predators exploit volatiles from microb  cFebruary  a150-1610 v373 aHost location by parasitoids and dipteran predators of bark beetles is poorly understood. Unlike coleopteran predators that locate prey by orienting to prey pheromones, wasps and flies often attack life stages not present until after pheromone production ceases. Bark beetles have important microbial symbionts, which could provide sources of cues. We tested host trees, trees colonized by beetles and symbionts, and trees colonized by symbionts alone for attractiveness to hymenopteran parasitoids and dipteran predators. Field studies were conducted with Ips pini in Montana. Three pteromalid wasps were predominant. All were associated with the second and third instars of L pini. Heydenia unica was more attracted to logs colonized by either I. pini or the fungus Ophiostoma ips than logs alone or blank controls (screen with no log). Rhopalicus pulchripennis was more attracted to logs colonized by L pini than logs alone or blank controls. Dibrachys cavus was attracted to logs but did not distinguish whether or not they were colonized. Two dolichopodid predators were predominant. A Medetera species was more attracted to colonized than uncolonized logs and more attracted to logs than blank controls. It was also more attracted to logs colonized with the yeast Pichia scolyti than uncolonized logs, but attraction was less consistent. An unidentified dolichopodid was more attracted to logs colonized with L pini, O. ips, and the bacteria Burkholderia sp., than to uncolonized logs, It was also attracted to uncolonized logs. Its responses were less consistent and pronounced than H. unica. These results suggest some parasitoids and dipteran predators exploit microbial symbionts of bark beetles to locate hosts. Overall, specialists showed strong attraction to fungal cues, whereas generalists were more attracted by plant volatiles. These results also show how microbial symbionts can have conflicting effects on host fitness10aIps pini1 aBoone, Celia, K.1 aSix, Diana, L.1 aZheng, Yanbing1 aRaffa, Kenneth, F.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/parasitoids-and-dipteran-predators-exploit-volatiles-microbial-symbionts-locate-bark-beetles