01825nas a2200193   4500008004100000020001400041245017200055210006900227260001300296300001100309490000800320520106700328653003001395100001701425700001801442700001901460700001801479856013401497       2012                        eng d  a0007-485300aLower temperature thresholds for oviposition and egg hatching of the Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in a Mediterranean climate0 aLower temperature thresholds for oviposition and egg hatching of  cFebruary  a97-1020 v1023 aThe red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is an economically important pest of palms worldwide. To better understand the phenology of R. ferrugineus populations in the Mediterranean basin, the objective of the present work has been to estimate the effect of temperatures within the range 10[long dash]25[degree]C on the reproductive parameters of R. ferrugineus and to determine its lower temperature thresholds for oviposition and egg hatching. Our results confirm that oviposition in R. ferrugineus is strongly affected by temperature. Lower thresholds for oviposition and egg hatching (15.45[degree] and 13.95[degree]C, respectively) are below the mean monthly temperatures registered in winter in most of the northern shore of the Mediterranean basin. Under these circumstances, new palm infestations would be difficult during most of the winter. These results should be taken into account when planning some palm management practices, such as pruning or pesticide treatments, in areas under a Mediterranean climate.10aRhynchophorus ferrugineus1 aDembilio, O.1 aTapia, G., V.1 aTellez, M., M.1 aJacas, J., A.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/lower-temperature-thresholds-oviposition-and-egg-hatching-red-palm-weevil-rhynchophorus-ferrugineus03187nas a2200157   4500008004100000245015500041210006900196260001200265300000900277490000600286520253700292653003002829100001702859700001802876856013502894       2012                        eng d00aBio-ecology and integrated management of the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in the region of Valencia (Spain)0 aBioecology and integrated management of the red palm weevil Rhyn  cJanuary  a1-120 v53 aThe invasive red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Curculioni- dae), is one of the most destructive pests of palms in the world. It is widely distributed in all continents and has been reported on 26 palm species belonging to 16 different genera. In the Mediterranean basin, R. ferrugineus has become the major pest of palms, mainly Phoenix canariensis hort. ex Chabaud, an endemic palm to the Canary Islands widely used as ornamental. In this manuscript we summarize the research that the UJI-IVIA Unit has carried out on this pest. The first objective of our work was to determine different bio-ecological parameters of R. ferrugineus under natural conditions in a Mediterranean climate. Washingtonia filifera is the only palm species included in our studies showing mechanisms of complete resistance against R. ferrugineus. Although Chamaerops humilis and Phoenix theophrasti show antixenotic and antibiotic mechanisms of resistance, respectively, they cannot be considered as resistant against R. ferrugineus. Under Mediterranean climate, the preimaginal development of R. ferrugineus in P. canariensis takes 666.5 DD and the weevil can complete 13 larval instars. Based on the results obtained, less than one generation per year can be expected in areas with a mean annual temperature (MAT) below 15[degree]C and more than two in those with MAT above 19[degree]C. Oviposition in R. ferrugineus is also strongly affected by temperature. The thresholds for oviposition and egg hatching obtained are very close to MAT registered in most of the northern shore of the Mediterranean basin. Under these circum- stances, no new infestations would be expected during most of the winter. The second objective has been to improve chemical and biological control. Both imidacloprid and Steinernema carpocapsae in a chitosan formulation are highly effective against R. ferrugineus in the field. Different timings and product combinations were studied, and high efficacies were obtained in all cases. An indigenous strain of Beauveria bassiana, found naturally infecting pupae of R. ferrugineus, resulted highly virulent against all developmental stages of the weevil in the laboratory. Additionally, adults of either sex inoculated with the fungus efficiently transmitted the disease to healthy adults of the opposite sex and this result confirmed the potential of B. bassiana as a biological control agent against this pest. These results should help developing an integrated management program against this pest.10aRhynchophorus ferrugineus1 aDembilio, O.1 aJacas, J., A.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/bio-ecology-and-integrated-management-red-palm-weevil-rhynchophorus-ferrugineus-coleoptera-curculion01389nas a2200181   4500008004100000020001400041245015100055210006900206260001100275300001200286490000800298520068700306653003000993100001701023700001801040700001501058856013401073       2009                        eng d  a0931-204800aAre the palms Washingtonia filifera and Chamaerops humilis suitable hosts for the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Col. Curculionidae)?0 aAre the palms Washingtonia filifera and Chamaerops humilis suita  cAugust  a565-5670 v1333 aThe red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), is a widely distributed pest which has recently become the major pest of palms in the Mediterranean Basin. This weevil has been recorded on 19 different palm species, however, the host status of Washingtonia filifera and Chamaerops humilis remains unclear. The present study was carried out to check whether these species had either antixenotic or antibiotic mechanisms of resistance against this pest. Our results show that both W. filifera and C. humilis are resistant to R. ferrugineus. Resistance in W. filifera is based on antibiosis whereas in C. humilis resistance is based on antixenosis.10aRhynchophorus ferrugineus1 aDembilio, O.1 aJacas, J., A.1 aLlacer, E.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/are-palms-washingtonia-filifera-and-chamaerops-humilis-suitable-hosts-red-palm-weevil-rhynchophorus02042nas a2200205   4500008004100000020001400041245021500055210006900270260000800339300001200347490000600359520121300365653003001578100001701608700001901625700002301644700001601667700001801683856013501701       2011                        eng d  a1695-971X00aShort communication. Susceptibility of Phoenix theophrasti (Palmae: Coryphoideae) to Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and its control using Steinernema carpocapsae in a chitosan formulation0 aShort communication Susceptibility of Phoenix theophrasti Palmae  cJun  a623-6260 v93 aThe invasive red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Oliv. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is the most destructive pest of palms in the world. It has been reported on 19 palm species belonging to 15 different genera. The host status of the Cretan Date Palm, Phoenix theophrasti, remains unclear. Therefore, the present study was carried out to ascertain the host status of this protected palm species. Additionally, the efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes in a chitosan formulation to control this pest in P theophrasti was assessed. Our results showed that healthy 4-yr-old P theophrasti palms were not infested by adult females after 9 days exposure in a population density of 3 adults per plant. However, infestation was successful when neonate larvae were artificially introduced in palms. Therefore, natural populations of P theophrasti could be at risk. Gummy secretion was observed in both naturally and forced infested palms indicating the existence of antibiosis in this species. Curative applications with the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae in a chitosan formulation in early infested P theophrasti palms managed to reduce insect's activity and could help the palms to recover.10aRhynchophorus ferrugineus1 aDembilio, O.1 aKaramaouna, F.1 aKontodimas, D., C.1 aNomikou, M.1 aJacas, J., A.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/short-communication-susceptibility-phoenix-theophrasti-palmae-coryphoideae-rhynchophorus-ferrugineus02314nas a2200169   4500008004100000020001400041245017500055210006900230260000800299300001200307490000800319520161700327653003001944100001701974700001801991856013502009       2011                        eng d  a0007-485300aBasic bio-ecological parameters of the invasive Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in Phoenix canariensis under Mediterranean climate0 aBasic bioecological parameters of the invasive Red Palm Weevil R  cApr  a153-1630 v1013 aThe invasive red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), is one of the most destructive pests of palms in the world. Since its detection in the Mediterranean Basin, the ornamental Phoenix canariensis Hort. ex Chabaud has become its main host. This study was aimed at determining the life cycle of R. ferrugineus in live P. canariensis palms. Egg lethal temperature threshold and thermal constant were determined in the laboratory and resulted in 13.1[degree]C and 40.4 degree days (DD), respectively. A semi field assay was carried out in a mesh enclosure where living P. canariensis palms were artificially infested with neonate larvae at one-month intervals from June 2008 to May 2009 under natural conditions. Infested palms were dissected at different time intervals. Maximum mortality rates for R. ferrugineus were observed for palms infested either in December or January (100%), whereas those infested from April through September showed maximum survival rates. Mean monthly temperatures below 10.3[degree]C were lethal for neonate larvae, as 4.5[degree]C were for older immature stages. All recovered larvae could be classed according to one of 13 instars. A thermal constant of 666.5 DD was estimated for complete larval development. Pupal develoment required an additional 282.5 DD. Based on these results and on the temperatures from 46 climatic stations selected in the Iberian Peninsula, less than one generation per year can be expected in areas with mean annual temperature below 15[degree]C and more than two where mean annual temperature is above 19[degree]C.10aRhynchophorus ferrugineus1 aDembilio, O.1 aJacas, J., A.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/basic-bio-ecological-parameters-invasive-red-palm-weevil-rhynchophorus-ferrugineus-coleoptera-curcul