@article {11894,
	title = {Influence of trap colour, design and height on catch of flying clover root weevil adults},
	journal = {New Zealand Plant Protection},
	volume = {60},
	year = {2007},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {217-222},
	abstract = {Adult clover root weevil (Sitona lepidus, CRW) catches on sticky traps of different colours, design and height were evaluated in two field experiments carried out on the outskirts of Hamilton in the summer of 1999-2000. In Experiment 1, yellow cylinder traps placed at a height of 1200 mm caught the most CRW. In Experiment 2, both white and yellow cylinder traps placed at a height of 1200 mm were equally attractive to CRW adults. In both experiments, fewer CRW adults were caught on cylinder traps of all colours set 400 mm above the ground. Cylinder traps painted red, green and blue and set 1200 mm above the ground caught similar numbers of insects to traps of all colours set at 400 mm. In Experiment 2, flat traps with a sticky surface that was parallel to the ground caught very few weevils irrespective of their colour and height.},
	keywords = {Sitona lepidus},
	isbn = {1175-9003},
	author = {Hardwick, S. and Harens, B.}
}
@article {11489,
	title = {Interactions between nodding thistle seed predators},
	journal = {New Zealand Plant Protection},
	volume = {60},
	year = {2007},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {152-157},
	abstract = {The biological control program against nodding thistle, Carduus nutans, commenced in New Zealand in 1972, with the introduction of the receptacle weevil, Rhinocyllus conicus. Seed predation by the larvae of this univoltine weevil did not bring about the desired reduction in nodding thistle populations, and in 1992 a further seed predator was introduced - the bivoltine gall fly, Urophora solstitialis. Possible interference between these two niche-sharing agents may have resulted in less-than-additive seed predation. This recent study quantified the interactions between the two agents for the first time in New Zealand, and found the mean number of gall flies per seedhead was reduced by 46-93\% in the presence of the receptacle weevil. This suggests that the weevil may limit the gall fly{\textquoteright}s populations, thus reducing seed predation later in the nodding thistle flowering period. The potential effects of this reduced attack on nodding thistle population growth rate were simulated using an existing matrix model.},
	keywords = {Rhinocyllus conicus},
	isbn = {1175-9003},
	author = {Groenteman, R. and Kelly, D. and Fowler, S. V. and Bourdot, G. W.}
}
@article {11149,
	title = {Distribution ot the clover root weevil biocontrol agent in the North Island of New Zealand},
	journal = {New Zealand Plant Protection},
	volume = {61},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008},
	pages = {24-30},
	type = {Article; Meeting paper},
	abstract = {The Irish wasp Microctonus aethiopoides was released in 2006 as a biocontrol agent for the clover root weevil Sitona lepidus, a serious pest of white clover in New Zealand. Following successful establishment, two strategies were implemented to accelerate the widespread establishment of the parasitoid throughout the North Island. The first approach was the establishment of regional nursery sites that act as point Sources for natural and assisted dispersal. With the assistance of Regional Councils and major landowners, these were set up at sites favourable to the wasp, and local people were provided the training and support to undertake collections and distribution of parasitized weevils. Secondly, samples of parasitized weevils were distributed for release directly to farmers through pastoral industry networks and events. Initial results indicate that while the parasitoid established rapidly at Taranaki and Waikato nursery sites as anticipated, it has failed to establish in Northland in two successive seasons.},
	keywords = {Sitona lepidus},
	isbn = {1175-9003},
	author = {Gerard, P. J. and Eden, T. M. and Wilson, D. J. and Burch, G.}
}
@article {10987,
	title = {Influence of male density on the courtship and mating duration of male rice weevils, Sitophilus oryzae},
	journal = {New Zealand Plant Protection},
	volume = {62},
	year = {2009},
	month = {2009},
	pages = {76-79},
	abstract = {The rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a major pest of stored grains throughout the world. This experiment examined the capacity of male S. oryzae to adjust their mating behaviour in response to male density (i.e. 1, 5 and 10 males) maintained with a single female. Results show that males spent less time in courting females with antennal contact at density 1 when compared to densities 5 and 10. Copulation duration increased in response to the increase in rival densities. The mechanism behind this phenomenon may be (1) a mate guarding strategy to enhance reproductive success by reducing the chance of sperm displacement by competitors and (2) a strategy to avoid damage to the reproductive organs of their mates by multiple mating.},
	keywords = {Sitophilus oryzae},
	isbn = {1175-9003},
	author = {Flay, C. D. and He, X. Z. and Wang, Q.}
}
@article {10988,
	title = {Influence of multiple mating on female reproductive fitness in the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae},
	journal = {New Zealand Plant Protection},
	volume = {63},
	year = {2010},
	month = {2010},
	pages = {201-207},
	abstract = {The rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is an important pest of stored grains throughout the world. This paper examined how multiple mating affected female reproductive fitness in the laboratory. Over 60 days, females that permanently paired with males, mated twice with different males or four times with the same males did not suffer from significant decline of offspring survival, while females mated once, twice with the same males and four times with different males had significant declines. It is suggested that mating once or twice with the same males is not enough for females to maximise their reproductive fitness. The significant decline of offspring survival in females that mated with four different males may be caused by reproductive organ damage or other factors that reduce their fertility due to excessive polyandry.},
	keywords = {Sitophilus oryzae},
	isbn = {1175-9003},
	author = {Flay, C. D. and He, X. Z. and Wang, Q.}
}
@article {10801,
	title = {The effect of parasitism on clover root weevil flight capability},
	journal = {New Zealand Plant Protection},
	volume = {61},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008},
	pages = {31-34},
	type = {Article; Meeting paper},
	abstract = {The Irish strain of Microctonus aethiopoides was released in New Zealand in 2006 to help suppress populations of the clover pest, clover root weevil (Sitona lepidus). A study was undertaken to determine if this parasitoid will be passively dispersed through flight activity by parasitized hosts. In the laboratory, Irish M. aethiopoides parasitized equally hosts with or without flight muscles and subsequent presence of parasitoid eggs or first instar larvae had no effect on the propensity for S. lepidus to prepare to take flight during laboratory observations. In the field, significantly fewer clover root weevil with flight muscles were found to be parasitized compared to those without flight muscles, and those that were parasitized contained predominantly eggs and first instar larvae. The results were compared with other Microctonus biocontrol agents released in New Zealand and it was concluded that passive dispersal should play a major role in dispersing Irish M. aethiopoides in New Zealand, especially in warm, dry summers.},
	keywords = {Sitona lepidus},
	isbn = {1175-9003},
	author = {Eden, T. M. and Donald, M. and Gerard, P. J.}
}
@article {8200,
	title = {Field parasitism of Rhinocyllus conicus Froehlich (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) by Microctonus aethiopoides Loan (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Otago and South Canterbury.},
	journal = {New Zealand Plant Protection},
	volume = {55},
	year = {2002},
	note = {ORIG-Title-Journal-Volume-Combination:  Field parasitism of Rhinocyllus conicus Froehlich (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) by Microctonus aethiopoides Loan (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Otago and South Canterbury. New Zealand Plant Protection 55},
	pages = {263-266},
	author = {Murray, T.J. and Barrett, B.I.P. and Ferguson, C. M.}
}
