@article {11271,
	title = {Responses of parasitoids to saproxylic hosts and habitat: a multi-scale study using experimental logs},
	journal = {Oecologia (Berlin)},
	volume = {155},
	number = {1},
	year = {2008},
	month = {February},
	pages = {63-74},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Species belonging to higher trophic levels are particularly vulnerable to habitat loss and consequential host population declines, but detection of effects depends on observation scale. We investigated the effects of habitat and host availability at multiple scales on parasitoids of early successional saproxylic beetles in middle boreal Sweden, where forestry has led to habitat fragmentation and coarse woody debris (CWD) loss. Parasitoid wasps and beetle hosts were collected from nine locations, each containing three spruce-dominated stand types (clear-cut, mature managed and unmanaged stands), using emergence traps on experimental CWD. We measured local CWD volumes and determined the availability of forests of a suitable age within the landscape. We tested parasitoid responses to stand type, CWD volume, abundance of known and probable hosts and longitude. Additionally, we tested whether parasitoids responded to the area of habitat of a suitable age within radii from 0.2 to 10 km. Stand type appeared in best-fit models for all common species, suggesting that wasps respond strongly to habitat at local scales. Longitude (largely climate) featured commonly, but CWD volume was never significant. Host abundance appeared in best-fit models for three of five common species, proving significant only for Bracon obscurator, the abundance of which correlated with that of Orthotomicus laricis at both trap and site levels. Rhimphoctona spp. also correlated significantly with its known host Tetropium castaneum at the trap level. B. obscurator responded to habitat area at scales of 0.6-1 km and Cosmophorus regius responded at radii greater than 7 km, while the larger species did not respond strongly to habitat area. The role of habitat area at greater scales thus varied greatly amongst species, but our data suggest that dispersal of these common early successional species may not be strongly restricted at the current scale of fragmentation of their boreal habitats.},
	keywords = {Dryocoetes, Hylastes, Hylurgops, Ips typographus, Orthotomicus, Pityogenes},
	isbn = {0029-8549},
	author = {Gibb, H. and Hilszczanski, J. and Hjalten, J. and Danell, K. and Ball, J. P. and Pettersson, R. B. and Alinvi, O.}
}
@book {9635,
	title = {Chemical Ecology of Bark Beetles in Regard to Search and Selection of Host Trees},
	series = {Recent advances in entomological research: from molecular biology to pest management.},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {150-190},
	abstract = {Bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), especially pests in the genera Dendroctonus, Ips, Scolytus, Trypodendron, Tomicus, and Pityogenes of the Northern hemisphere are reviewed regarding aspects of their chemical ecology during host finding and selection. Most of the species covered here feed on conifers, primarily pines (Pinus) in the Northern hemisphere and Norway spruce (Picea abies) of Europe and Asia. Bark beetles use a variety of olfactory strategies to discriminate suitable host trees from among less suitable, overcolonized, or decaying hosts as well as nonhosts. Bark beetles also use olfactory strategies to find mates and select attack sites. These strategies have implications for coevolution of trees and bark beetles. Knowledge of the chemical ecology of insect-insect and insect-plant relationships is necessary to develop improved methods for monitoring and controlling bark beetles that are predators of trees.},
	keywords = {Dendroctonus, Ips, Pityogenes, Scolytus, Tomicus, Trypodendron},
	isbn = {978-3-642-17814-6},
	author = {Byers, John A. and Zhang, Qinghe},
	editor = {Liu, Tongxian and Kang, Le}
}
@article {9167,
	title = {{\`A} propos du genre Pityogenes Bedel (Col. Scolytoidea)},
	journal = {Bulletin de la Soci{\'e}t{\'e} Entomnologique de France},
	volume = {52},
	year = {1947},
	note = {Orig. ref: Balachowsky (1947). {\`A} propos du genre Pityogenes Bedel (Col. Scolytoidea). Bulletin de la Soci{\'e}t{\'e} Entomnologique de France, 52(3): 44},
	pages = {44},
	keywords = {Pityogenes},
	author = {Balachowsky}
}
@article {4922,
	title = {What is Next in Bark Beetle Phylogeography?},
	journal = {Insects},
	volume = {3},
	number = {2},
	year = {2012},
	month = {June},
	pages = {453-472},
	abstract = {Bark beetle species within the scolytid genera Dendroctonus, Ips, Pityogenes and Tomicus are known to cause extensive ecological and economical damage in spruce and pine forests during epidemic outbreaks all around the world. Dendroctonus ponderosae poses the most recent example having destroyed almost 100,000 km2 of conifer forests in North America. The success and effectiveness of scolytid species lies mostly in strategies developed over the course of time. Among these, a complex system of semiochemicals promotes the communication and aggregation on the spot of infestation facilitating an en masse attack against a host tree{\textquoteright}s defenses; or an association with fungi that evolved either in the form of nutrition (ambrosia fungi) or even by reducing the resistance of host trees (blue-stain fungi). Although often specific to a tree genus or species, some bark beetles are polyphagous and have the ability to switch on to new hosts and extend their host range (i.e., between conifer genera such as Pityogenes chalcographus or even from conifer to deciduous trees as Polygraphus grandiclava). A combination of these capabilities in concert with life history or ecological traits explains why bark beetles are considered interesting subjects in evolutionary studies. Several bark beetle species appear in phylogeographic investigations, in an effort to improve our understanding of their ecology, epidemiology and evolution. In this paper investigations that unveil the phylogeographic history of bark beetles are reviewed. A close association between refugial areas and postglacial migration routes that insects and host trees have followed in the last 15,000 BP has been suggested in many studies. Finally, a future perspective of how next generation sequencing will influence the resolution of phylogeographic patterns in the coming years is presented. Utilization of such novel techniques will provide a more detailed insight into the genome of scolytids facilitating at the same time the application of neutral and non-neutral markers. The latter markers in particular promise to enhance the study of eco-physiological reaction types like the so-called pioneer beetles or obligate diapausing individuals.},
	keywords = {Dendroctonus, Ips, Pityogenes, Tomicus},
	isbn = {2075-4450},
	url = {http://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/3/2},
	author = {Avtzis, Dimitrios N. and Bertheau, Coralie and Stauffer, Christian}
}
@article {2169,
	title = {{\`A} propos du genre Pityogenes Bedel (Col. Scolytoidea).},
	journal = {Bulletin de la Soci{\'e}t{\'e} Entomnologique de France},
	volume = {52},
	number = {3},
	year = {1947},
	note = {Orig. ref: Balachowsky (1947). {\`A} propos du genre Pityogenes Bedel (Col. Scolytoidea). Bulletin de la Soci{\'e}t{\'e} Entomnologique de France, 52(3): 44},
	pages = {44},
	keywords = {Pityogenes},
	author = {Balachowsky}
}
