@article {11473,
	title = {Effects of photoperiod on boll weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) development, survival, and reproduction},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {37},
	number = {6},
	year = {2008},
	month = {December},
	pages = {1396-1402},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Effects of photoperiod on development, survival, feeding and oviposition of boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, were assessed under five different photophases (24, 14,12, 10, and 0 h) at a constant 27 [degree]C temperature and 65\% RH in the laboratory. Analyses of our results detected positive relationships between photoperiod and puncturing (mean numbers of oviposition and feeding punctures per day), and oviposition (oviposition punctures/oviposition+feeding punctures) activities, and the proportion of squares attacked by boll weevil females. When boll weevil females developed in light: darkness cycles, they produced a significantly higher percentage of eggs developing to adulthood than those developed in 24-h light or dark conditions. In long photoperiod (24:0 and 14:10 h), the number of female progeny),vas significantly higher and their development time was significantly shorter than those developed in short photoperiod (0:24 and 10:14 h). Lifetime oviposition was significantly highest at 12- and 14-h photophase, lowest at 0- and 10-h photophase, and intermediate at 24 h of light. Life table calculations indicated that boll weevil populations developed in a photoperiod of 14:10 and 12:12 (L: D) h will increase an average of two-fold each generation (Ro) compared with boll weevils developed in 24:0- and 10:14-h photoperiods and 15-fold compared with those at 0:24 h. Knowledge of the photoperiod-dependent population growth potential is critical for understanding population dynamics to better develop sampling protocols and timing insecticide applications.},
	keywords = {Anthonomus grandis, Anthonomus grandis grandis},
	isbn = {0046-225X},
	author = {Greenberg, S. M. and Sappington, T. W. and Adamczyk, J. J. and Liu, T. X. and Setamou, M.}
}
