@article {12625,
	title = {Cladistic review of generic taxonomic characters in Xyleborina (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)},
	journal = {Systematic Entomology},
	volume = {32},
	number = {3},
	year = {2007},
	month = {July},
	pages = {568-584},
	abstract = {A cladistic analysis of morphological characters of the subtribe Xyleborina (Curculionidae, Scolytinae) is presented. An examination of individual characters revealed little phylogenetic information in many characters currently used for delimiting genera. Phylogenetically stable characters were used for the evaluation of the contemporary generic concept. The following genera have been recovered as monophyletic: Cnestus, Dryocoetoides, Eccoptopterus, Xylosandrus, Schedlia, Sampsonius and Taurodemus. The following genera have been found to be polyphyletic: Amasa, Ambrosiodmus, Arixyleborus, Coptoborus, Coptodryas, Cryptoxyleborus, Cyclorhipidion, Euwallacea, Leptoxyleborus, Taphrodasus, Theoborus, Webbia, Xyleborinus and Xyleborus. The analysis permitted the resurrection of four genera: Anisandrus, Microperus, Pseudowebbia and Streptocranus. A number of new combinations at specific level are given: Anisandrus cornutus (Schaufuss, 1891), A. dispar (Fabricius, 1792), A. eggersi (Beeson, 1930), A. improbus (Sampson, 1913), A. longidens (Eggers, 1930), A. maiche Stark, 1936, A. obesus (LeConte, 1868), A. sayi Hopkins, 1915, A. apicalis (Blandford, 1894), A. hirtus (Hagedorn, 1904), Microperus myristicae (Schedl, 1939), M. eucalypticus (Schedl, 1938), M. huangi (Browne, 1983), M. intermedius (Eggers, 1923), M. kadoyamaensis (Murayama, 1934), Pseudowebbia armifer (Schedl, 1942), P. seriata Browne, 1963, P. squamatilis (Schedl, 1955), P. trepanicauda (Eggers, 1923), P. curvatus (Browne, 1986), Streptocranus bicolor Browne, 1949, S. bicuspis (Eggers, 1940), S. capucinulus (Schedl, 1942), S. forficatus (Schedl, 1957), S. fragilis Browne, 1949, S. longicauda Browne, 1960, S. longispinis Browne, 1986, S. mirabilis Schedl, 1939, S. usagaricus (Eggers, 1922), S. sexdentatus (Eggers, 1940). The characters most useful for generic-level taxonomy of Xyleborina were identified and their states refined and illustrated. An accompanying illustrated multiple-entry electronic key for the updated xyleborine classification has been published on-line at www.scolytid.msu.edu.},
	keywords = {Amasa, Ambrosiodmus, Anisandrus, Anisandrus  dispar, Anisandrus apicalis, Anisandrus eggersi, Anisandrus hirtus, Anisandrus improbus, Anisandrus longidens, Anisandrus maiche, Anisandrus obesus, Anisandrus sayi, Arixyleborus, Cnestus, Coptoborus, Coptodryas, Cryptoxyleborus, Cyclorhipidion, Dryocoetoides, Eccoptopterus, Euwallacea, Leptoxyleborus, Microperus, Microperus eucalypticus, Microperus huangi, Microperus intermedius, Microperus kadoyamaensis, Microperus myristicae, Pseudowebbia, Pseudowebbia armifer, Pseudowebbia curvatus, Pseudowebbia seriata, Pseudowebbia squamatilis, Pseudowebbia trepanicauda, Sampsonius, Schedlia, Streptocranus, Streptocranus bicolor, Streptocranus bicuspis, Streptocranus capucinulus, Streptocranus forficatus, Streptocranus fragilis, Streptocranus longicauda, Streptocranus longispinis, Streptocranus mirabilis, Streptocranus sexdentatus, Streptocranus usagaricus, Taphrodasus, Taurodemus, Theoborus, Webbia, Xyleborina, Xyleborinus, Xyleborus, Xylosandrus},
	isbn = {0307-6970},
	author = {Hulcr, Jiri and Dole, Stephanie A. and Beaver, Roger A. and Cognato, Anthony I.}
}
@article {10743,
	title = {Polyphyly of Xylosandrus Reitter inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial genes (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)},
	journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution},
	volume = {54},
	number = {3},
	year = {2010},
	month = {March},
	pages = {773-782},
	abstract = {The Xyleborina ambrosia beetle genus Xylosandrus contains 54 species, several of which are of economic importance. The monophyly of the genus was tested using a data set comprised of multiple gene loci: 28S rDNA; the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase 1[alpha] (CO1); and the nuclear genes arginine kinase (ArgK), rudimentary (CAD), and Elongation Factor 1[alpha] (EF-1[alpha]). The nuclear protem-coding genes CAD and ArgK were used for the first time in phylogenetics of Scolytinae. Analyses were performed using Parsimony and Bayesian optimality criteria. Our analyses included 43 specimens representing 15 Xylosandrus species and 20 species from Amasa, Anisandrus, Cnestuts, Euwallacea and Xyleborus, and two species from the out-group genus Coccotrypes. All analyses recovered a polyphyletic Xylosandrus. Several species of Xylosandrus were consistently placed in clades with the genera Anisandrus and Cnestus with high Support values (100\% bootstrap support). Among these, was the economically important invasive species X. mutilatus, which was consistently recovered as part of the "Criestus" clade. In our analyses, both CAD and ArgK demonstrated phylogenetic utility across varying nodal depths. Despite the selection of genes with signals at complementary phylogenetic depths, the data set used herein did not resolve the phylogeny of Xylosandrus and related genera. Since the taxon sample available for molecular work represents only a fraction of Xylosandrus species, a complete revision that combines molecular and morphological data in a total evidence approach is recommended for the genus. [copyright] 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Amasa, Anisandrus, Cnestus, Euwallaeea, Xylosandrus},
	isbn = {1055-7903},
	author = {Dole, Stephanie A. and Jordal, Bjarte H. and Cognato, Anthony I.}
}
@article {10740,
	title = {Phylogenetic revision of Xylosandrus Reitter (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborina)},
	journal = {Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences},
	volume = {61},
	number = {7-18},
	year = {2010},
	month = {September 15},
	pages = {451-545},
	abstract = {A phylogenetic revision of the xyleborine genus Xylosandrus Reitter based on morphological and molecular data sets is presented. The monophyly of the genus was tested using a 43 character morphological data set analyzed separately and in combination with a molecular data set comprised of five independent gene loci: 28S rDNA; the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I (COI); and the nuclear protein-coding genes arginine kinase (ArgK), CAD (rudimentary), and elongation factor 1-[alpha] (EF-l[alpha]). Xylosandrus was recovered as polyphyletic with the present classification containing species from four other genera: Amasa Lea, Anisandrus Ferrari, Cnestus Sampson, Euwallaeea Hopkins, as well as Xylosandrus. A taxonomic revision of Xylosandrus is presented based on these results. The following new combinations are given: Amasa cylindrotomicus (Schedl), A. omissus (Schedl), A. oralis (Schedl), Anisandrus butamali (Beeson), A. ursa (Eggers), A. ursinus (Hagedorn), A. ursulus (Eggers), Cnestus ater (Eggers), C. fijianus (Schedl), C. gravidus (Blandford), C. improcerus (Sampson), C. laticeps (Wood), C. mutilatus (Blandford), C. orbiculatus (Schedl), C. peruanus (Wood), C. retifer (Wood), C. retusus (Eichhoff), C. testudo (Eggers), Cyclorhipidion squamulatum (Beaver and Loyttyniemi) all listed in Xylosandrus by Wood and Bright (1992); Xylosandrus amputatus (Blandford) and X. mixtus (Schedl) are transferred from Amasa, X. russulus (Schedel) from Euwallacea, and X. rotundicollis (Browne) from Xyleborus Eichhoff. Two new species of Xylosandrus are described: X. borneensis and X. hulcri. An illustrated key to species of Xylosandrus worldwide is provided.},
	keywords = {Amasa, Anisandrus, Cnestus, Euwallaeea, Xylosandrus},
	isbn = {0068-547X},
	author = {Dole, Stephanie A. and Cognato, Anthony I.}
}
