@article {11472,
	title = {Survival of boll weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) adults after feeding on pollens from various sources},
	journal = {Insect Science},
	volume = {14},
	number = {6},
	year = {2007},
	month = {December},
	pages = {503-510},
	abstract = {The survival of overwintering boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis (Boheman), adults on non-cotton hosts in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) of Texas was examined from 2001 to 2006. The success of the Boll Weevil Eradication Program, which was re-introduced into the LRGV in 2005, depends on controlling overwintering boll weevil populations. Laboratory studies were conducted using boll weevil adults that were captured in pheromone traps from September through March. The number of adults captured per trap declined significantly in the field from fall to the beginning of spring (3.5-7.0-fold). The proportion of trapped males and females did not differ significantly. The mean weight of boll weevil adults captured in September was 13.3 mg, while those of captured adults from November to February were significantly lower and ranged from 6.7 to 7.8 mg. Our results show that boll weevil adults can feed on different plant pollens. The highest longevity occurred when adults were fed almond pollen or mixed pollens (72.6 days and 69.2 days, respectively) and the lowest when they fed on citrus pollen or a non-food source (9.7 days or 7.4 days, respectively). The highest adult survival occurred on almond and mixed pollens [88.0\%-97. 6\% after 1st feeding period (10 days), 78.0\%-90.8\% after 3rd feeding period (10 days), 55. 0\%-83.6\% after 5th feeding period (10 days), and 15.2\%-32.4\% after 10th feeding period (10 days)). The lowest adult survival occurred on citrus pollen [52.0\%-56.0\% after 1st feeding period (10 days), 13.3\% after 3rd and 5th feeding periods (10 days), and 0 after 6th feeding period (10 days)]. Pollen feeding is not a behavior restricted to adult boll weevils of a specific sex or physiological state. Understanding how boll weevil adults survive in the absence of cotton is important to ensure ultimate success of eradicating this pest in the subtropics.},
	keywords = {Anthonomus grandis grandis},
	isbn = {1672-9609},
	author = {Greenberg, Shoil M. and Jones, Gretchen D. and Eischen, Frank and Coleman, Randy J. and Adamczyk, J. J., Jr. and Liu, Tong-Xian and Setamou, Mamoudou}
}
@article {11471,
	title = {Reproductive potential of field-collected overwintering boll weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) fed on pollen in the laboratory},
	journal = {Insect Science},
	volume = {16},
	number = {4},
	year = {2009},
	month = {August},
	pages = {321-327},
	abstract = {The reproductive potential of overwintering boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis (Boheman), females collected from pheromone traps in September, November and January, fed for 1, 3, and 5 weeks on plant pollens, and then provided cotton squares, was determined in the laboratory at 27 [plus or minus] 1[degree]C, 65\% RH, and a photoperiod 13 : 11 (L : D) h. Duration of pollen feeding by overwintering boll weevils did not significantly influence egg and feeding punctures, or puncture ratios (egg to total punctures) for any of the three months of parent weevil collections when provided cotton squares on a daily basis. However, punctures and puncture ratios are significantly different when comparing mean data between months of boll weevil collections. When boll weevils were provided with cotton squares daily, the pre-ovipositional periods of female parents captured in September, November and January were 5, 9 and 14 days, respectively. The rate of eggs by females was significantly lower during November and January than September. Female parents collected in September produced a significantly higher percentage of eggs yielding adult progeny than those collected in November and January. Life table parameters indicated that net reproductive rate (Ro) of boll weevil females collected in September was 1.2-fold higher than those collected in November and 10.7-fold higher than those collected in January. Except for testes size, no differences in male reproductive parameters were observed during the cotton-free period compared with males captured during mid-cotton (June). The number of oocytes in the ovarioles and the number of oocytes containing yolk were significantly lower during September, November and January compared with June. The reproductive potential of overwintering boll weevil females collected in different months is an important consideration in determining the success of any control strategy.},
	keywords = {Anthonomus grandis grandis},
	isbn = {1672-9609},
	author = {Greenberg, S. M. and Jones, G. D. and Adamczyk, J. J., Jr. and Eischen, F. and Armstrong, J. S. and Coleman, R. J. and Setamou, M. and Liu, Tong-Xian}
}
