@article {13935,
	title = {Drought-induced positive feedback in xylophagous insects: Easier invasion of Scots pine leading to greater investment in immunity of emerging individuals},
	journal = {Forest Ecology and Management},
	volume = {270},
	year = {2012},
	month = {Apr 15},
	pages = {147-152},
	abstract = {We studied the infestation rate of Scots pine Pinus sylvestris by xylophagous insects in relation to distance from forest lakes in eastern Latvia, northern Europe. In summers of 2008 and 2009, we felled 72 pines of approximately 65 years age. Sections of the logs were incubated in insect emergence traps. The trees located near lakes were significantly less infested by xylophagous insects than those sampled at greater distances from the lakes. We also tested the ability of Tomicus piniperda, the most abundant species of xylophagous insects in our samples, to resist the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. The results show that beetles captured near lakes were more susceptible to the fungal infection than individuals sampled away from forest lakes, indicating that the beetles far from lakes afforded to invest more in immunity during the larval phase. During the warmest days in summer the mean maximum ambient temperature was 2.32 [degree]C lower near lakes than away from lakes. Since increased temperatures not only trigger drought stress, but may potentially also cause temperature-sensitive mortality of conifers, a warmer microclimate may lower resistance of pine trees to attacks of xylophagous beetles. In weakened trees, insects can invade more easily resulting in increased investment in immunity in bark- and wood-boring insects. This is the first demonstration of drought-induced positive feedback in xylophagous insects infesting Scots pine. Since bark beetles are common pests of conifers, our results may be important in forest pest management. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Tomicus piniperda},
	isbn = {0378-1127},
	author = {Krams, Indrikis and Daukste, Janina and Kivleniece, Inese and Brumelis, Guntis and Cibulskis, Raimonds and Abolins-Abols, Mikus and Rantala, Markus J. and Mierauskas, Pranas and Krama, Tatjana}
}
@article {13342,
	title = {The first record of Tomicus destruens (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) in Ukraine},
	journal = {Vestnik Zoologii},
	volume = {42},
	number = {1},
	year = {2008},
	month = {Yanvar-Fevral},
	pages = {84},
	type = {Article},
	keywords = {Tomicus, Tomicus destruens, Tomicus piniperda},
	isbn = {0084-5604},
	author = {Khaustov, A. A. and Nikulina, T. V.}
}
@article {13069,
	title = {Fungal flora associated with Tomicus piniperda L. in an area close to a timber yard in southern Poland},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Entomology},
	volume = {131},
	number = {8},
	year = {2007},
	month = {September},
	pages = {579-584},
	abstract = {The association between Tomicus piniperda L. (Col., Scolytinae) and fungi was studied in a Pinus sylvestris L. forest in Mielec-Mosciska. Fungi were isolated from overwintered adult beetles taken from two stands situated in different distance from timber yard. Two media were used for isolation. The results showed great diversity of fungi associated with T. piniperda: 1895 cultures, representing 64 species, were isolated. Penicillia and Hormonema dematioides were the dominant species, found in 20.2\% and 17.8\% of all beetles, respectively. A frequently isolated ophiostomatoid fungi was Ophiostoma minus. Qualitative and quantitative differences in the mycobiota composition of this insect between two stands were detected. The highest richness and diversity of fungal species appeared in the samples taken from the location where the trees were heavily damaged by shoot-feeding of T. piniperda. Differences were most clear for the pathogenic O. minus, which was a common fungal associate of the insects in this stand.},
	keywords = {Tomicus piniperda},
	isbn = {0931-2048},
	author = {Jankowiak, R. and Bilanski, P.}
}
@article {13065,
	title = {The virulence of phytopathogenic fungi associated with the bark beetles Tomicus piniperda and Orthotomicus erosus in Tunisia},
	journal = {Forest Pathology},
	volume = {37},
	number = {1},
	year = {2007},
	month = {February},
	pages = {51-63},
	abstract = {Phytopathogenic fungi associated with the bark beetles Tomicus piniperda and Orthotomicus erosus were isolated in various pine forests of Tunisia. Tomicus piniperda and its galleries yielded Leptographium wingfieldii, Ophiostoma minus, and Ophiostoma ips. Ophiostoma minus was the most frequent species associated with T. piniperda, in both the attacking and the emerging beetles. It was collected from most investigated forests, whereas O. ips and L. wingfieldii were obtained only from forests located in Central and Northern Tunisia. Frequencies of association with T. piniperda were always low, reaching 11.1\% only once, for O. ips. Ophiostoma ips was the only blue stain fungus associated with O. erosus and its galleries. It was found in all the localities, but at a low and variable frequency, exceeding 15\% very rarely. The virulence of 16 fungal isolates was tested by single inoculations into Pinus halepensis (Aleppo pine) at two localities. Differences were detected among species; L. wingfieldii was the most virulent and O. minus the least virulent species in terms of phloem reaction zone formation and fungal growth in the phloem. In a separate experiment, mass inoculations (400 and 800 inoculations per m2 of bole on 1-m high belts) were performed with two isolates of L. wingfieldii on Aleppo pine and on Pinus brutia (Brutia pine). Three months later, measurements of sapwood status (\% of conductive transversal section) and of its specific hydraulic conductivity, as well as of the phloem reaction zone lengths, did not show any isolate or density effect. At these experimental sites, Brutia pines appeared significantly more susceptible than Aleppo pines.},
	keywords = {Orthotomicus erosus, Tomicus piniperda},
	isbn = {1437-4781},
	author = {Jamaa, M. L. Ben and Lieutier, F. and Yart, A. and Jerraya, A. and Khouja, M. L.}
}
@article {12542,
	title = {Complex postglacial history of the temperate bark beetle Tomicus piniperda L. (Coleoptera, Scolytinae)},
	journal = {Heredity},
	volume = {103},
	number = {3},
	year = {2009},
	month = {September},
	pages = {238-247},
	abstract = {Tomicus piniperda is an economically important pine bark beetle infesting European Pinus spp. stands. We sequenced and analyzed 797 bp of the mitochondrial genome from individuals obtained from 34 populations sampled throughout the European range. We obtained 36 haplotypes, from which a haplotype network was constructed. In the Iberian Peninsula, high-genetic variability was detected with numerous endemic haplotypes. In contrast, the other European populations were less diverse with a single haplotype predominating from the Pyrenees to Scandinavia. Nevertheless, even within Europe, a few populations showed significant amounts of diversity. Four groups were obtained by Spatial Analysis of Molecular Variance, illustrating the regional characteristics of the species. T. piniperda had multiple fragmented refugia in the Iberian Peninsula. These currently isolated populations only partly contributed to postglacial re-colonizations of Northern Europe during interglacials. Nevertheless, few long- range migration events up to Northern Europe were detected, mostly originating from the Pyrenees. In the rest of Europe, the phylogeographical patterns were unclear, because of repeated cycles of contraction and expansion. The genetic analysis showed one glacial refugium in North-Central Europe, whereas other refugia most likely occurred in the Southern Alps, Apennine and the Balkans. The phylogeographical pattern depicted here reflects partly the postglacial history of the beetles{\textquoteright} main host tree P. sylvestris. Heredity (2009) 103, 238-247; doi: 10.1038/hdy.2009.48; published online 29 April 2009.},
	keywords = {Tomicus piniperda},
	isbn = {0018-067X},
	author = {Horn, A. and Stauffer, C. and Lieutier, F. and Kerdelhue, C.}
}
@article {11086,
	title = {Species Composition, Seasonal Activity, and Semiochemical Response of Native and Exotic Bark and Ambrosia Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Northeastern Ohio},
	journal = {Journal of Economic Entomology},
	volume = {103},
	number = {4},
	year = {2010},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {1187-1195},
	abstract = {In 2007, we surveyed the alien and endemic scolytine (bark and ambrosia beetles) fauna of northeastern Ohio, and for the most abundant species, we characterized their seasonal activity and response to three semiochemical baits. In total,5,339 scolytine beetles represented by 47 species and 29 genera were caught in Lindgren funnel traps. Three species constituted 57\% of the total catch, including Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford), Tomicus piniperda (L.), and Dryocoetes autographus (Ratzeburg). Of the total captured, 32\% of the species and [approximately equal]60\% of the individuals were exotic, suggesting that exotic species numerically dominate the scolytine fauna in some urban areas. More native and exotic species were caught in traps baited with ethanol alone than in traps baited with other lures. However, significantly more individuals, especially of T. piniperda, D. autographus, Gnathotrichus materiarius (Fitch), and Ips grandicollis (Eichhoff), and species were caught in traps baited with ethanol plus a-pinene than in traps baited with ethanol alone or the exotic Ips lure. This suggests that among these baits, the ethanol plus a-pinene baits may be useful in maximizing scolytine beetle catches of these species within this region. Species diversity and richness for both native and exotic beetles was greatest in traps baited with ethanol alone. The period of peak trap capture varied depending upon species: X. germanus was most abundant in traps in mid-May and early-August; T. pin iperda in mid-May; D. autographus in early June, mid-July, and mid-September; Anisandrus sayi Hopkins and C. materiarius in mid-May, mid-July, and early September; and I. grandicollis in early April, mid-July, and late September.},
	keywords = {Dryocoetes autographus, Tomicus piniperda, Xylosandrus germanus},
	isbn = {0022-0493},
	author = {Gandhi, Kamal J. K. and Cognato, Anthony I. and Lightle, Danielle M. and Mosley, Bryson J. and Nielsen, David G. and Herms, Daniel A.}
}
