@article {10645,
	title = {Composition of the bacterial community in the gut of the pine engraver, Ips pini (Say) (Coleoptera) colonizing red pine},
	journal = {Symbiosis},
	volume = {43},
	number = {2},
	year = {2007},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {97-104},
	abstract = {The gut bacterial community of a bark beetle, the pine engraver Ips pini (Say), was characterized using culture-dependent and culture- independent methods. Bacteria from individual guts of larvae, pupae and adults were cultured and DNA was extracted from samples of pooled larval guts. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences amplified directly from the gut community suggests that the gut bacterial communities associated with I. pini are relatively simple, compared to many other systems. Six bacterial genera from four classes were detected by culturing gut bacteria from larvae, pupae and adults. Two genera, Pantoea and Stenotrophomonas ([gamma]-Proteobacteria) were found in all life stages of I. pini, consistently in larvae and adults, and less commonly in pupae. Sequences that affiliate with the Enterobactereaceae of the [gamma]-Proteobacteria were found in 95\% of the clones sampled. The Enterobactereaceae genera, Pantoea and Erwinia, accounted for 88\% of all clone sequences. These results are consistent with previous work indicating that another bark beetle, the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman, also has a relatively simple gut flora, compared with wood colonizing insects such as wood borers and termites. The composition and abundance of bacteria associated with different life stages of I. pini are possibly associated with specific functions of the gut bacterial communities of larvae, pupae, and adults},
	keywords = {Ips pini},
	isbn = {0334-5114},
	author = {Delalibera, Italo, Jr. and Vasanthakumar, Archana and Burwitz, Benjamin J. and Schloss, Patrick D. and Klepzig, Kier D. and Handelsman, Jo and Raffa, Kenneth F.}
}
@article {9852,
	title = {Multipartite symbioses among fungi, mites, nematodes, and the spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {37},
	number = {4},
	year = {2008},
	month = {August},
	pages = {956-963},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis, is an eruptive forest pest of significant economic and ecological importance. D. rufipennis has symbiotic associations with a number of microorganisms, especially the ophiostomatoid fungus Leptographium abietinum. The nature of this interaction is only partially understood. Additionally, mite and nematode associates can mediate bark beetle-fungal interactions, but this has not yet been studied for spruce beetles. In this study, we found eight mite species associated with spruce beetles: Tarsonemus ips, T. endophloeus, Histiogaster arborsignis, Dendrolaelaps quadrisetus, Proctolaelaps hytricoides, Trichouropoda alascae, T. n. sp. nr dalarenaensis, and Urobovella n. sp 767. The most prevalent species was H. arborsignis. In addition, 75\% of beetles examined carried nematodes, with six species represented. These included a new species of Parasitorhabditis, Ektaphelenchus obtusus, Bursaphelenchus n. sp. 727, Aphelenchoides n. sp., Panagrolaimus sp., and Mykoletzkya ruminis. H. arborsignis showed strong feeding and oviposition preferences for L. abietinum among four fungal species tested in laboratory assays. Information on our attempts to culture the various nematode species collected from D. rufipennis is also provided. Bursaphelenchus were cultured from D. rufipennis nematangia plated on agar containing L. abietinum but not sterile agar, Thus, L. abietinum plays an important role in these gallery communities, affecting the tree-killing bark beetle, its phoretic mites, and nematodes. These data add to our understanding of bark beetle-microorganism interactions.},
	keywords = {Dendroctonus rufipennis},
	isbn = {0046-225X},
	author = {Cardoza, Yasmin J. and Moser, John C. and Klepzig, Kier D. and Raffa, Kenneth F.}
}
