@article {15143,
	title = {Description of new hypogean taxa of Laparocerus from Palma, Canary Islands (Spain) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae)},
	journal = {Bolet{\'\i}n de la SEA},
	volume = {47},
	year = {2010},
	month = {31 Dec},
	pages = {65-69},
	abstract = {Laparocerus iruene n. sp., a blind hypogean blind species of the subgenus Machadotrox, is described. It was found in a volcanic tube in the northeastern part of the island of La Palma. Only a complete male specimen, the holotype, is known, plus some remnants of specimens of both sexes. The new taxon is compared with the other hypogean species known from the island, and an allopatric evolution from the line o L. zarazagai is postulated. The differentiated population of this latter species that inhabits the geologically new part of the island is described as L. zarazagai subreflexus n. ssp. A key for the separation of the anophthalmous hypogeous species of Machadotrox is provided.},
	keywords = {Laparocerus, Laparocerus  zarazagai, Laparocerus iruene, Laparocerus zarazagai subreflexus, Machadotrox},
	isbn = {1134-6094},
	author = {Machado, Antonio and Garcia, Rafael}
}
@article {15144,
	title = {Mitochondrial DNA phylogenetic analysis of the genus Laparocerus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae). I. The Madeiran clade},
	journal = {Zoologica Scripta},
	volume = {37},
	number = {4},
	year = {2008},
	month = {July},
	pages = {415-427},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Laparocerus are plant-chewing flightless weevils distributed on oceanic islands in Macaronesia, with a single species in Morocco. The genus has a complicated taxonomic history with several subgenera described. To assist in a taxonomical revision of the group, a molecular study was undertaken. In this first contribution, the species from the Azores and Madeira archipelagos are studied together with representatives of subgenera from the Canary Islands and the single known continental species (46 OTUs). Phylogenetic analyses are based on sequence data from mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase II (COII) and the ribosomal 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) genes (combined data set 1023 bp), with additional data from the nuclear elongation factor 1[alpha] (EF-1[alpha]) for some selected species. Maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian analyses show that all Madeiran species are monophyletic and form a monophyletic group with the Afro-Canarian samples. Species of the genus Lichenophagus appear within the Madeiran and Canarian Laparocerus clades, but separated in accordance with their respective island origin. Thus, Lichenophagus is here restricted to Madeiran species and proposed as subgenus (status novo) of Laparocerus. Conversely, the Laparocerus subgenus Drouetius from the Azores is revealed to be a separate and distant outgroup, in agreement with its morphological distinctiveness, deserving an independent genus status. Internal relationships within the Madeiran clade are discussed and compared with morphologically defined species groups. The Madeiran monotypic subgenus Cyphoscelis is not supported by the genetic data and synonymized (nov. syn.) with Laparocerus. Subgenera Laparocerus and Atlantis prove to be polyphyletic. Consequently a restriction to monophyletic and morphologically congruent clades is proposed. A cryptic species vicariant of Laparocerus morio was detected and recognized as L. chaoensis, status novo. Other cases of discrepancy between the genetic results and the traditional taxonomy are discussed in detail in the light of mitochondrial introgression, incomplete lineage sorting or poor taxonomy hypotheses.},
	keywords = {Atlantis, Cyphoscelis, Drouetius, Laparocerus, Laparocerus (Lichenophagus), Laparocerus chaoensis, Laparocerus morio, Lichenophagus},
	isbn = {0300-3256},
	author = {Machado, Antonio and Lopez, Mercedes and Almeida, Teresa and Hernandez, Mariano}
}
@article {15136,
	title = {Three new endogean species of Laparocerus Schonherr, 1834 from the Canary Islands (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)},
	journal = {Journal of Natural History},
	volume = {42},
	number = {17-18},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008},
	pages = {1277-1288},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Three new species of the weevil genus Laparocerus Schonherr (1834) adapted to the edaphic environment of the Canary Islands are described: L. edaphicus n. sp., L. oromii n. sp. and L. lopezi n. sp. They live in the humid laurel forests of Tenerife (Anaga Mountains), La Gomera (Garajonay National Park) and Gran Canaria (Valsendero), respectively. The small size and somewhat tubular body shape is a common character among them, as is the reduction of the eyes, which are totally absent in L. oromii n. sp. Despite these common adaptive traits, the three species seem not to be directly related. A key for the identification of all the known cryptozoic (edaphic and troglobitic) species of Laparocerus is provided.},
	keywords = {Laparocerus, Laparocerus edaphicus, Laparocerus lopezi, Laparocerus oromii},
	isbn = {0022-2933},
	author = {Machado, Antonio}
}
@article {15134,
	title = {Rhyncogonus and Laparocerus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae), a parallel case of success in island evolution. Report of a study trip to Moorea, Tahiti and Rurutu},
	journal = {Vieraea},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2007},
	month = {Octubre},
	pages = {61-76},
	abstract = {This Is a report ot a study trip to the islands of Moorea, Tahiti and Rurutu to compare the Polynesian weevil genus Rhyncogonus with the Macaronesian genus Laparocerus, in the Atlantic. Both genera have radiated in these archipelagos, and the species are flightless and mostly single-island endemics. The general geological and environmental conditions in both archipelagos are briefly discussed and snapshots of both groups of weevils are provided. Common features are highlighted (wingless, endemicity, etc.) as well as some differences observed (nocturnal versus diurnal activity, feeding amplitude, abundance, size, morphological diversity, etc.). Despite the richer ecological diversity of Macaronesia and the lack of competition in Polynesia, Rhyncogonus and Laparocerus can be considered as ecologically homologous. Both genera have succeeded in colonising their archipelagos, followed by intensive radiation. The concentration of endemics per island is higher in Polynesia congruent with its greater isolation. The highest species density in the Canaries is found in La Gomera, with 0.8 sp/km2, while in Rurutu it is 0.12 sp/km2. The record species density is achieved in Rhyncogonus on Rapa-Iti with 0.27 sp/km2, this figure is further surpassed by the cryptorhynchine genus Miocalles with 1.67 sp/ km2 on that same island. A high number of closely related but well-differentiated species on a small isolated island could be explained as the product of repeated colonising events from a single source lineage (therefore, the monophyly), punctuated in time (punctuated allopatric speciation).},
	keywords = {Laparocerus, Rhyncogonus},
	isbn = {0210-945X},
	author = {Machado, Antonio}
}
@article {14325,
	title = {Mitochondrial DNA phylogenetic analysis of the genus Laparocerus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae). I. The Madeiran clade},
	journal = {Zoologica Scripta},
	volume = {37},
	number = {4},
	year = {2008},
	month = {July},
	pages = {415-427},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Laparocerus are plant-chewing flightless weevils distributed on oceanic islands in Macaronesia, with a single species in Morocco. The genus has a complicated taxonomic history with several subgenera described. To assist in a taxonomical revision of the group, a molecular study was undertaken. In this first contribution, the species from the Azores and Madeira archipelagos are studied together with representatives of subgenera from the Canary Islands and the single known continental species (46 OTUs). Phylogenetic analyses are based on sequence data from mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase II (COII) and the ribosomal 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) genes (combined data set 1023 bp), with additional data from the nuclear elongation factor 1[alpha] (EF-1[alpha]) for some selected species. Maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian analyses show that all Madeiran species are monophyletic and form a monophyletic group with the Afro-Canarian samples. Species of the genus Lichenophagus appear within the Madeiran and Canarian Laparocerus clades, but separated in accordance with their respective island origin. Thus, Lichenophagus is here restricted to Madeiran species and proposed as subgenus (status novo) of Laparocerus. Conversely, the Laparocerus subgenus Drouetius from the Azores is revealed to be a separate and distant outgroup, in agreement with its morphological distinctiveness, deserving an independent genus status. Internal relationships within the Madeiran clade are discussed and compared with morphologically defined species groups. The Madeiran monotypic subgenus Cyphoscelis is not supported by the genetic data and synonymized (nov. syn.) with Laparocerus. Subgenera Laparocerus and Atlantis prove to be polyphyletic. Consequently a restriction to monophyletic and morphologically congruent clades is proposed. A cryptic species vicariant of Laparocerus morio was detected and recognized as L. chaoensis, status novo. Other cases of discrepancy between the genetic results and the traditional taxonomy are discussed in detail in the light of mitochondrial introgression, incomplete lineage sorting or poor taxonomy hypotheses.},
	keywords = {Atlantis, Cyphoscelis, Drouetius, Laparocerus, Laparocerus (Lichenophagus), Laparocerus chaoensis, Laparocerus morio, Lichenophagus},
	isbn = {0300-3256},
	author = {Machado, Antonio and Lopez, Mercedes and Almeida, Teresa and Hernandez, Mariano}
}
@article {14321,
	title = {Description of new hypogean taxa of Laparocerus from Palma, Canary Islands (Spain) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae)},
	journal = {Bolet{\'\i}n de la SEA},
	volume = {47},
	year = {2010},
	month = {31 Dec},
	pages = {65-69},
	abstract = {Laparocerus iruene n. sp., a blind hypogean blind species of the subgenus Machadotrox, is described. It was found in a volcanic tube in the northeastern part of the island of La Palma. Only a complete male specimen, the holotype, is known, plus some remnants of specimens of both sexes. The new taxon is compared with the other hypogean species known from the island, and an allopatric evolution from the line o L. zarazagai is postulated. The differentiated population of this latter species that inhabits the geologically new part of the island is described as L. zarazagai subreflexus n. ssp. A key for the separation of the anophthalmous hypogeous species of Machadotrox is provided.},
	keywords = {Laparocerus, Laparocerus  zarazagai, Laparocerus iruene, Laparocerus zarazagai subreflexus, Machadotrox},
	isbn = {1134-6094},
	author = {Machado, Antonio and Garcia, Rafael}
}
@article {14255,
	title = {Three new endogean species of Laparocerus Schonherr, 1834 from the Canary Islands (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)},
	journal = {Journal of Natural History},
	volume = {42},
	number = {17-18},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008},
	pages = {1277-1288},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Three new species of the weevil genus Laparocerus Schonherr (1834) adapted to the edaphic environment of the Canary Islands are described: L. edaphicus n. sp., L. oromii n. sp. and L. lopezi n. sp. They live in the humid laurel forests of Tenerife (Anaga Mountains), La Gomera (Garajonay National Park) and Gran Canaria (Valsendero), respectively. The small size and somewhat tubular body shape is a common character among them, as is the reduction of the eyes, which are totally absent in L. oromii n. sp. Despite these common adaptive traits, the three species seem not to be directly related. A key for the identification of all the known cryptozoic (edaphic and troglobitic) species of Laparocerus is provided.},
	keywords = {Laparocerus, Laparocerus edaphicus, Laparocerus lopezi, Laparocerus oromii},
	isbn = {0022-2933},
	author = {Machado, Antonio}
}
@article {14214,
	title = {Rhyncogonus and Laparocerus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae), a parallel case of success in island evolution. Report of a study trip to Moorea, Tahiti and Rurutu},
	journal = {Vieraea},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2007},
	month = {Octubre},
	pages = {61-76},
	abstract = {This Is a report ot a study trip to the islands of Moorea, Tahiti and Rurutu to compare the Polynesian weevil genus Rhyncogonus with the Macaronesian genus Laparocerus, in the Atlantic. Both genera have radiated in these archipelagos, and the species are flightless and mostly single-island endemics. The general geological and environmental conditions in both archipelagos are briefly discussed and snapshots of both groups of weevils are provided. Common features are highlighted (wingless, endemicity, etc.) as well as some differences observed (nocturnal versus diurnal activity, feeding amplitude, abundance, size, morphological diversity, etc.). Despite the richer ecological diversity of Macaronesia and the lack of competition in Polynesia, Rhyncogonus and Laparocerus can be considered as ecologically homologous. Both genera have succeeded in colonising their archipelagos, followed by intensive radiation. The concentration of endemics per island is higher in Polynesia congruent with its greater isolation. The highest species density in the Canaries is found in La Gomera, with 0.8 sp/km2, while in Rurutu it is 0.12 sp/km2. The record species density is achieved in Rhyncogonus on Rapa-Iti with 0.27 sp/km2, this figure is further surpassed by the cryptorhynchine genus Miocalles with 1.67 sp/ km2 on that same island. A high number of closely related but well-differentiated species on a small isolated island could be explained as the product of repeated colonising events from a single source lineage (therefore, the monophyly), punctuated in time (punctuated allopatric speciation).},
	keywords = {Laparocerus, Rhyncogonus},
	isbn = {0210-945X},
	author = {Machado, Antonio}
}
@article {5075,
	title = {New species of Laparocerus Schoenherr, 1834 from La Gomera, Canary Islands (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae)},
	journal = {Zootaxa},
	volume = {1643},
	year = {2007},
	month = {21 November},
	pages = {1-38},
	abstract = {In the course of a monographic study of the weevil genus Laparocerus Schonherr, 1834, which is very diverse in Macaronesia, this paper describes fifteen new species and one subspecies from the Canary island of La Gomera: L. acutipennis n. sp., L. aethiops garajonay n. ssp., L. benchijigua n. sp., L. depressus n. sp., L. exiguus n. sp., L. exophthalmus n. sp., L. heres n. sp., L. humeralis n.sp, L. hupalupa n. sp., L. inermis n. sp., L. junonius n. sp., L. mulagua n. sp., L. oculatissimus n. sp., L. orone n. sp., L. roudieri n. sp. and L. spinimanus n. sp.. In addition, L. heres jocoensis n.ssp. is described from the neighbouring island of Tenerife. Detailed descriptions, including photographs of holotypes and drawings of the aedeagus, spermatheca and sternite VIII, are supplemented with remarks on diagnostic features comparing the species to similar or related taxa. Data on their distribution on the island, phenology and host-plants are also presented, as is a key to all Laparocerus known from La Gomera.},
	keywords = {Laparocerus, Laparocerus acutipennis, Laparocerus aethiops garajonay, Laparocerus benchijigua, Laparocerus depressus, Laparocerus exiguus, Laparocerus exophthalmus, Laparocerus heres, Laparocerus heres jocoensis, Laparocerus humeralis, Laparocerus hupalupa, Laparocerus inermis, Laparocerus junonius, Laparocerus mulagua, Laparocerus oculatissimus, Laparocerus orone, Laparocerus roudieri, Laparocerus spinimanus},
	isbn = {1175-5326},
	url = {http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa},
	author = {Machado, Antonio}
}
@article {5069,
	title = {New species of Laparocerus Schoenherr, 1834 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) from the island of Tenerife (Canary Islands)},
	journal = {Zootaxa},
	volume = {1457},
	year = {2007},
	month = {25 Apr},
	pages = {35-48},
	abstract = {The weevil genus Laparocerus Schoenherr (1834) is distributed and very diverse in the Macaronesian region. In advance of a larger monographic study of the genus, five new species endemic to the island of Tenerife (Canary Islands) are described in this first contribution: L. tinguaro n.sp., L. boticarius n.sp., L. chasnensis n.sp., L. aguiari n.sp., and L. subparallelus n.sp. Detailed descriptions (including photographs of holotypes and drawings of aedeagus, spermatheca, and sternite VIII) are supplemented with diagnostic remarks referring to similar or related taxa. Data on the distribution within the island, phenology, and the host-plants are also provided. A total of 697 specimens have been studied.},
	keywords = {Laparocerus, Laparocerus aguiari, Laparocerus boticarius, Laparocerus chasnensis, Laparocerus subparallelus, Laparocerus tinguaro},
	isbn = {1175-5326},
	url = {http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa},
	author = {Machado, Antonio}
}
