@article {10878,
	title = {Response to host volatiles by native and introduced populations of Dendroctonus valens (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) in North America and China},
	journal = {Journal of Chemical Ecology},
	volume = {33},
	number = {1},
	year = {2007},
	month = {January},
	pages = {131-146},
	abstract = {Bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) have specialized feeding habits, and commonly colonize only one or a few closely related host genera in their geographical ranges. The red turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus valens LeConte, has a broad geographic distribution in North America and exploits volatile cues from a wide variety of pines in selecting hosts. Semiochemicals have been investigated for D. valens in North America and in its introduced range in China, yielding apparent regional differences in response to various host volatiles. Testing volatiles as attractants for D. valens in its native and introduced ranges provides an opportunity to determine whether geographic separation promotes local adaptation to host compounds and to explore potential behavioral divergence in native and introduced regions. Furthermore, understanding the chemical ecology of host selection facilitates development of semiochemicals for monitoring and controlling bark beetles, especially during the process of expansion into new geographic ranges. We investigated the responses of D. valens to various monoterpenes across a wide range of sites across North America and one site in China, and used the resulting information to develop an optimal lure for monitoring populations of D. valens throughout its Holarctic range. Semiochemicals were selected based on previous work with D. valens: (R)-(+)-[alpha]-pinene, (S)-(-)-[alpha]-pinene, (S)-(-)-[beta]-pinene, (S)-(+)-3-carene, a commercially available lure (1:1:1 ratio of (R)-(+)-[alpha]-pinene:(S)-(-)-[beta]-pinene:(S)-(+)-3-carene), and a blank control. At the release rates used, (+)-3-carene was the most attractive monoterpene tested throughout the native range in North America and introduced range in China, confirming results from Chinese studies. In addition to reporting a more effective lure for D. valens, we present a straightforward statistical procedure for analysis of insect trap count data yielding cells with zero counts, an outcome that is common but makes the estimation of the variance with a Generalized Linear Model unreliable because of the variability/mean count dependency.},
	keywords = {Dendroctonus valens},
	isbn = {0098-0331},
	author = {Erbilgin, N. and Mori, S. R. and Sun, J. H. and Stein, J. D. and Owen, D. R. and Merrill, L. D. and Campos Bolanos, R. and Raffa, K. F. and Mendez Montiel, T. and Wood, D. L. and Gillette, N. E.}
}
@article {8900,
	title = {Effects of symbiotic bacteria and tree chemistry on the growth and reproduction of bark beetle fungal symbionts},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Forest Research},
	volume = {39},
	number = {6},
	year = {2009},
	month = {June},
	pages = {1133-1147},
	abstract = {Bark beetles are associated with diverse assemblages of microorganisms, many of which affect their interactions with host plants and natural enemies. We tested how bacterial associates of three bark beetles with various types of host relationships affect growth and reproduction of their symbiotic fungi. Fungi were exposed to volatiles from bacteria in an arena that imposed physical separation but shared airspace. We also exposed fungi to vapors of the host compound, [alpha]-pinene, and to combinations of bacterial volatiles and [alpha]-pinene. Bacterial volatiles commonly stimulated growth of Leptographium procerum (W. B. Kendr.) M. J. Wingf. and Grosmannia clavigera (Rob.- Jeffr. \& R.W. Davidson) Zipfel, Z.W. de Beer \& Wingf., which are symbiotic fungi of Dendroctonus valens LeConte and Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, respectively. They less commonly stimulated growth of Ophiostoma ips (Rumbold) Nannf., which is associated with Ips grandicollis Eichhoff. Some bacteria inhibited L. procerum, Ophiostoma montium (Rumbold) von Arx (another associate of D. ponderosae), and O. ips. Bacteria greatly stimulated spore production of symbionts of D. valens and D. ponderosae. [alpha]-Pinene strongly affected some of these relationships, causing amplification, reduction, or reversal of the interactions among the bacteria and fungi. Our results show that some bacteria associated with bark beetles directly affect fungal symbionts and interact with tree chemistry to affect fungal growth and sporulation. The strongest effects were induced by bacteria associated with beetles adapted to attacking living trees with vigorous defenses, and on fungal reproductive structures.},
	keywords = {Dendroctonus},
	isbn = {0045-5067},
	author = {Adams, A. S. and Currie, C. R. and Cardoza, Y. and Klepzig, K. D. and Raffa, K. F.}
}
